分子生物学英文课件：Eukaryote gene and genome.ppt

Molecular Biology Genetic Information 中心法则 (The Central Dogma) Transcription Translation Reverse transcription Replication Gene expression: DNA?mRNA?Protein DNA ?RNA Gene expression: DNA?mRNA?Protein DNA ?RNA translation transcription 真核基因与基因组 Chapter 3 Eukaryote Gene and Genome 真核基因的结构与功能 第一节 The Structure and Function of Eukaryote Gene Gene: Gene are DNA fragments that carry the special genetic information includes the entire nucleic acid sequence necessary for the expression of its product (peptide or RNA).? Functional units of a DNA molecule (or, in a few cases, RNA) A chromosomal or mitochondrial DNA segment codes the information required to produce a functional biological product Have unique structure elements +1 转录起点 +N 转录终点 转录 AUG UAA 翻译起点 翻译终点 翻译 结构基因区 调控区 -N 5’ 3’ N C 基因 mRNA 蛋白质 Gene expression: DNA?mRNA?Protein DNA ?RNA 转录 翻译 mRNA mRNA tRNA rRNA mRNA The function of genes DNA is the genetic material that stores the genetic information for protein synthesis or RNA. The exact duplication (replication) of this information in any species from generation to generation assures the genetic continuity of that species. Gene expression (Transcription Translation) determines the structure and function of protein, thus controls identifiable traits of an organism. RNA carries out the instructions encoded in DNA, and participate in the whole process of gene expression in all cells. RNA is also the genetic material of some viruses. The structure of eukaryotic genes Coding sequence : exons coding for protein or RNA Non-coding sequence : introns and un-transcribed regulatory sequence required for modulation of a gene expression, including promoter, enhancer… Split gene: eukaryotic structure gene consists of several coding regions and non-coding regions that are spaced and inlaid one other. Exon: segments of eukar