流体力学与传热 ：1-3 Basic Equations of Fluid Flow.pptVIP

1.3.5 Discussion on the Overall Mechanical Energy Balance Equation In the special case where no mechanical energy is added (WS = 0) and for no friction (Σhf = 0), then Eq. (1.3-25 ) becomes the Bernoulli equation, Eq. (1.3-26 ). 1.3-26 Equation (1.3-26 )is known as the Bernoulli equation without friction. It is a particular form of a mechanical energy balance. Each term in the equation is a scalar and the dimensions of energy per unit mass. The terms gz and V2/2 are the potential and kinetic energy, respectively, of a unit mass of fluid. Bernoullis equation has some restrictions Flow is steady Density is constant (which also means the fluid is incompressible) Friction losses are negligible The equation relates the states at two points along a single streamline, (not conditions on two different streamlines). unit The unit for Eq(1.3-26 ) can be derived To represent the mechanical work done by forces，external to stream，on the fluid in pushing it into the tube or the work recovered from the fluid leaving the tube。 Equation(1.3-26 ) is divided by g, gives The dimension is In joule per unit weight In the same way the equation (1.3-26 ) is multiplied by ρg The term is mechanical work done by forces in joule per unit volumetric fluid. Discussion of Bernoulli equation Equation(1.3-26 ) is useful in dealing with the flow of incompressible fluids. Equation(1.3-26 ) shows that in the absence of friction, when the velocity is reduced, either the height above datum Z or the pressure or both must increase. When the velocity increases, it does so only at the expense of Z or p The principle of conservation of energy permits the extension of the equation to potential flow taking place in curved stream tube of variable cross section. The equation can be modified for use in boundary layer flow. The Bernoulli equation has a greater range of validity than its derivation implies. It is essential to choose upstream and downstream station. Station a and b are chose