脑静脉系统血栓形成(课堂PPT).pptVIP

脑静脉 窦血栓 上矢状窦血栓 （superior sagittal sinus thrombosis，SSST） This 58 year-old man complained of a severe headache 12 hours after taking part in the London marathon. He attended the general casualty but no cause was found. He was discharged with a diagnosis of possible migraine. However, the pain persisted and he re-attended the casualty 2 days later. He was found to have bilateral optic disc swellings and an urgent MRI scan was requested. Full blood count revealed high platelet count (thrombocythemia) but otherwise all the other tests were normal * 脑静脉 窦血栓 上矢状窦血栓 （superior sagittal sinus thrombosis，SSST） * ●预后： 单纯上矢状窦血栓在数周或数月后可再通，颅内压恢复正常，预后良好。 如果累及到其他脑静脉窦或脑静脉，而未能得到及时有效的治疗，其颅压高将持久存在，严重者可造成死亡。 脑静脉 窦血栓 上矢状窦血栓 （superior sagittal sinus thrombosis，SSST） * ●横窦和乙状窦统称为侧窦。 ●病因 以耳或乳突的急慢性感染最为常见。其感染途径为： 直接途径：如中耳炎或乳突炎化脓破坏薄的骨质，而后脓肿压迫横窦，使窦内血流淤滞并伴有炎性改变。 间接途径：乳突炎或中耳炎使通向乙状窦的小静脉发生血栓，而后血栓扩展到乙状窦，开始为附壁血栓，后渐扩大为静脉窦血栓。 横窦和乙状窦血栓 (transverse and sigmoid sinus thrombosis) 脑静脉 窦血栓 * ●临床表现 ◆ 一侧橫窦闭塞时可无症状。 ◆ 当对侧橫窦或窦 汇先天异常，颅内静脉仅依赖一侧橫窦 回流 易导致颅内压增高。 ◆不同的症状取决于血栓的大小和累及的结构 ■横窦血栓向下扩展至岩下窦时，造成外展神经麻痹。 ■ 扩展至颈静脉时，可影响到IX、X、XI颅神经。 ■ 血栓向前扩展至岩上窦时，压迫三叉神经节或三叉神经第一支。 ■血栓经窦汇或下吻合静脉扩展到上矢状窦时，会产生严重的颅 内压增高、昏迷、癫痫、偏瘫或截瘫。 ■左侧横窦血栓累及到皮层时，可出现失语。 横窦和乙状窦血栓 (transverse and sigmoid sinus thrombosis) 脑静脉 窦血栓 * 横窦和乙状窦血栓 (transverse and sigmoid sinus thrombosis) 脑静脉 窦血栓 Caption: A 23-year-old female with headache. CT scan demonstrates a subtle right transverse sinus thrombosis with high attenuation (arrows). MR venography demonstrates absent flow in the right transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, and internal jugular vein. * 横窦和乙状窦血栓 (transverse and sigmoid sinus thrombosis)