植物营养的分子生物学：Chapter4 nitrogen.pptVIP

Chapter 4 Molecular biology OF nitrate ammonium transporters Nitrogen assimilation 高等植物氮代谢 对陆生植物来说，硝态氮是主要氮源（？）。铵态氮也能被植物很好的吸收利用,在冷的土壤环境中植物氮的主要形态为铵。 氮的代谢首先在根系还原或输送到地上部分还原后进行同化作用。 GS:glutamine synthetase,谷氨酰胺合成酶 GOGAT：glutamine-oxoglutarate amino transferase,谷氨酰胺-酮戊二酸氨基转移酶 4.1硝的吸收与转运系统 Two families of nitrate transporters Two families of carrier proteins that can provide an entry route for nitrate into cells have been identified and these are called Nitrate Transporters (NRT) 1 and 2: low high affinity, respectively. All the members of both families probably belong to the Major Facilitator Super (MFS)-family, and are typically proteins of around 450–600 amino acid residues and 12 putative transmembrane (TM) domains Number of NRT in plants two gene products for function In Arabidopsis thaliana: 7 NRT2 family (high affinity); 50 NRT1 family (low affinity). In Rice: 4 NRT2 family (high affinity) 100 NRT1 family (low affinity) NAR2 gene family for function of some NRT2 genes: based on CrNAR2 (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, an unicellular green Algae): higher plant nar2 encoded a much smaller protein (~200 amino acids) that had only one TM domain. Identification of a family of NAR2 genes in plantsAlignment of 16 Nar2 family members showing the conserved regions of the predicted proteins. The lower two sequences shown are for two algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Dunaliella salina (Tong et al., 2005) Significance of two component transporter system? The absolute requirement for two gene products for a functional transport system means that endeavors to engineer plants with increased nitrate uptake may need to identify and target for both components of the nitrate transport system Transcript Profiling in the chl1-5 Mutant of Arabidopsis Reveals a Role of the Nitrate Transporter NRT1.1 in the Regulation of Another Nitrate Transporter, NRT2.1 The Plant Cell, Vol. 16, 2433–2447, Sept. 2004 by Munos et al. Effect of NH4 in the nutrient solution on transcripts of NR