XXXX年最新英文南洋理工大学NTU能源安全战略EnergySecurity教程.ppt

Managing China-US Energy Competition in the Middle East YAO Lixia Background: competition for strategic interests in ME ? China's bid for Unocal in 2005 ? China will intensify emphasis on ME to secure energy resources. ? China: a new competitor to the US in ME 2 China's rising involvement in ME ? 1960s and 1970s: national liberation movements---Beijing align with radical elements of the Arab world; ? 1980s: engagement mainly to support China's military modernization and economic development. ? Since 1990s: rapidly rising demand ? a new competitor for influence in ME 3 China's rising energy demand ? By 2004: oil demand 6 million barrels/day ? By 2030: oil demand 10 million barrels/day (80% will be imported) Huge demand Domestic reserves Industrial expansion Transportation growth 4 China's new engagement in ME since 1990s ? Import light crude from Oman and Yemen ? Other Gulf producers: Kuwait and UAE ? Iraq : Agreement to develop Iraq's second largest oil field (1997) ? Iran : China successfully concluded a number of agreements; investment expected to exceed $100 billion over next two decades ? Saudi Arabia : “strategic oil partnership” --- China's leading supplier of crude oil 5 China's new engagement in ME: beyond energy ? Regular high-level official visits between Beijing and the region ? Important exporter of manufactured goods and capital to the region ? ↓ ? China: a long-term customer for oil exports 6 China's ‘Going Out' Strategy ? What is ‘going out' strategy? ? Why ‘going out'? ? What's the implications of the strategy? 7 Middle Eastern Perspectives: Iran ? Forge strategic alliances with China ? Benefits : ? Int'l pressure over Iran nuclear activities : ? China provides int'l political cover ? Premiums : ? Deals with Chinese NOCs help Iran little in obtaining advanced exploration and production technologies. They are to bolster a developing political relationship. 8 Middle Eastern Perspectives: Saudi Arabia ? Saudi was dist