《公约》体系的基本内容、原则及中国实践-国际海洋法论文-国际法论文-法学论文.docx

《公约》体系的基本内容、原则及中国实践-国际海洋法论文-国际法论文-法学论文 ——文章均为WORD文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印—— 　　摘 要：　依据海洋规则维系海洋秩序, 包括合理地开发和利用海洋的空间和资源, 是国际社会的普遍要求。在现代海洋法体系中, 《 海洋法公约》 (《公约》) 的全面性与综合性彰显了其地位的独特重要性。本文梳理了《公约》的发展阶段, 在分析其主要内容、核心原则后, 归纳了中国以《公约》所蕴含的原则和精神在制定和完善国内海洋法体系中的具体实践, 指出我国海洋法体系中存在的问题和面临的挑战。迈入新时代, 我国应在维系和构建海洋秩序、制定和实施海洋规则中实现角色和定位的转换。这种转换具有艰巨性和困难性, 要实现这些目标, 必须强化国内海洋体制机制建设, 因为这是建设海洋强国的必由之路。 　　关键词：　现代海洋法; 中国海洋立法; 海洋秩序构建; 立法思想; 　　Abstract：　It is a general requirement in the international community that the marine order should be maintained in accordance with the rules of the sea, including the rational exploitation and utilization of the ocean s space and resources. In the modern system of the law of the sea, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ( UNCLOS) demonstrates the unique importance of its status for the comprehensiveness and integrity of its content. This paper reviewed the development stages of the UNCLOS. After analyzing its main content and core principles, it summarized China s specific practices in formulating and improving the system of domestic law of the sea with the principles and spirits contained in the UNCLOS, and pointed out China s existing problems and challenges. In the new era, China should transform its role in maintaining and building the international marine order as well as the international law-making and implementation in the future. Such a transformation is difficult and demanding time. To achieve these goals, strengthening the construction of domestic system of the law of the sea is of great importance because it is an unavoidable path to build a maritime power. 　　Keyword：　Modern Law of the Sea; Construction of Marine Order; Chinas Legislation on the Sea; Legislative Thinking; 　　导言 　　在现代海洋法体系中, 1958年的日内瓦海洋法公约体系和1982年的《 海洋法公约》 (简称《公约》) 体系占有重要地位。1日内瓦海洋法公约体系包括《领海与毗连区公约》2《公海公约》3《捕鱼与养护公海生物资源公约》4和《大陆架公约》5四个公约。第一次 海洋法会议除通过上述日内瓦海洋法四个公约外, 还通过了《关于强制解决争端的任意签字议定书》6, 但其不是日内瓦海洋法公约的组成部分, 因为其第5条规定, 本议定书对于所有为 海洋法会议所通过任一海洋法公约缔约国的国家, 开放签字, 并于必要时须按照签字国宪