微积分大一基础知识讲解.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE # Chapterl Functions(函数) Definition 1)Afunction f is a rule that assigns to each elementx in a set A exactly one element, calledf(x), in a set B. The set A is called thedomai n(定义域)of the fun ctio n. The range(值域)of f is the set of all possible values of f(x) as x varies through out the doma in. Note : f (x) g(x) Example x2 1 f(x) 1,g(x) x 1 f(x) g(x) Basic Elementary Functions(基本初等函数) con sta nt fun cti ons f(x)=c power functions f (x) xa, a 0 exp onen tial fun cti ons x f (x) a , a 0, a 1 domain: R range: (0,) logarithmic fun cti ons f (x) log a x, a 0, a 1 domain: (0, ) range: R trigo no metric fun cti ons f(x)=s inx f(x)=cosx f(x)=ta nx f(x)=cotx f(x)=secx f(x)=cscx inv erse trig ono metric functions domai n range graph f(x)=arcsinx or sin 1 x [1,1] 2 2 f(x)=arccosx or cos 1 x [1,1] [0,] 1 f(x)=arctanx or tan x R （石丐） 2 2 f(x)=arccotx or cot x R (0,) 3. Defi nitio n Given two functions f and g, the composite function(复合函数)f g is defined by (f g)(x) f(g(x)) Note (f g h)(x) f(g(h(x))) Example If f(x) xand g(x) 2 x, find each function and its domain. a) f g b) g f c) fd) g g a) f g b) g f c) f d) g g Solution a) (f g)(x) f (g(x))f Solution a) (f g)(x) f (g(x)) f ( ?一 2 x)八 2 x 4 2 x domain : {x x 2} or ( , 2] b)(g f)(x)g(f(x))g( x) 2 . xx 0,domain : b)(g f)(x) g(f(x)) g( x) 2 . x x 0, domain : [0, 4] c)(f f)(x) f (f(x))f(.x) 、x 4 x domain :[0,) c)(f f)(x) f (f(x)) d) (g g)(x) g(g(x)) g( .2 x) 2 . 2 x 2x0, domain : [ 2, 2] 2 2 x 0 4.Defi niti on An eleme ntary function(初等函数)is con structed using comb in ati ons (additi on 加,subtract ion 减,multiplicati on 乘,divisi on 除)and compositi on starti ng with basic eleme ntary functions. 2 Example F (x) cos (x 9) is an elementary function. h(x) x 9 g(x) cosx f(x) x2 F(x) f (g(h(x))) e sin --x 1 Example f (x) loga x 2 x is anelementary function. 1)Polynomial(多项式)Functions n n 1 P(x) anx an 1x a1x a0 x R where n is a nonn egative in teger. The leading coefficient(系数)an 0. The degree of the polyno mial isn. In