《本硕双语》幻灯片课件.ppt

(二) 肺呼吸部1、组成：呼吸性细支气管→肺泡管(结节性膨大)→肺泡囊 →肺泡 2、肺泡(1) 肺泡上皮 Ⅰ型肺泡上皮 Ⅱ型肺泡上皮 光镜结构 扁平 圆、立方 数量 较少、覆盖肺泡表面绝大部分 较多、覆盖部分 电镜特点 吞饮小泡多 嗜锇性板层小体 功能 参与构成气-血屏障 分泌表面活性物质 (2) 肺泡隔 相邻肺泡间的薄层结缔组织，含丰富毛细血管和 弹性纤维 (3) 肺泡孔 沟通相邻肺泡的孔道 (4) 气血屏障 肺泡内及血液内气体分子交换通过的结构 ①肺泡表面液体层 ②肺Ⅰ型泡细胞与基膜 ③薄层结缔组织 ④毛细血管基膜与内皮 (三) 肺间质和肺巨噬细胞 肺巨噬细胞 广泛分布肺间质中 肺泡巨噬细胞、尘细胞、心力衰竭细胞 [思考题] 1、气管壁的结构分哪几层 2、试述肺导气部的组成及管壁变化规律 3、简述肺呼吸部的组成及各段特点 4、肺Ⅰ型泡细胞与Ⅱ型肺泡细胞有何不同 5、肺小叶、肺泡隔、肺巨噬细胞的概念 The epithelial lining is non- keratinised stratified squamous epithelium . In the submucosa are groups of mucus-secreting glands , the esophageal gland . The mus-cularis externa are skeletal in the upper third of the esophagus. In the middle third, a mixture of striated and smooth muscle, in the lower third, the entire muscular coat is composed of smooth muscle. The ad-ventitia is loose connective tissue. The stomach is the most dilated part of the digestive tract. The gastric mucosa is lined by simple columnar epithelium. These columnar cells are designated surface mucous cells. Three types of glands are usually found in the gastric mucosa: cardiac, gastric and pyloric gland , Gastric glands are composed of five cell types: (1)parietal cells are seen under TEM to have an extensive intracellular canalicular system and an elaborate tubulovesicular membrane system, numerous mitochondria with complex cristae are also evident. These cells secrete HCL and intrinsic factor. (2) chief cells are typical protein-secreting cells and secrete pepsin in an inactive precursor form designated pep-sinogen. (3)mucous neck cells secrete a soluble mucus. (4) endocrine cells secrete their product into the lamina propria. (5) stem cells are relatively small in size, they differentiate into new cells to replace the existing surface epithelial cells of the gastric glands. The muscularis externa of the stomach is relatively thick, with three