初中语法——现在完成时和过去完成时专题.pdfVIP

现在完成时和过去完成时 1 （）现在完成时： 1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到 现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语：（时间标志词） these days,recently, lately,in/during the past few years, already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, in the past (last) few days,so far ,once, twice ,for ＋时间段，since ＋过去的时间点，since＋—般过去时 的从句等。 3.基本结构： have/has + done 4.否定形式： have/has + not +done. 5.一般疑问句： 把have 或has 放于句首。 6.反义疑问句： 直接用has /have 进行反问 7.现在完成时的用法 ： ①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。如： —Have you had your lunch yet ？你吃过午饭了吗？ —Yes，I have.Ive just had it.是的，我刚吃过。(现在不饿了) I have closed the door. (门现在是关的) ②表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，可能还要持续下去，常与for 或since 连用。 表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。如： He has lived here since l999. 自从1999 年以来，他就住在这儿。 I have learnt English for ten years.我学习英语有10 年了。 We have lived here for two years. (过去住到现在) 8. 难点： （1）现在完成时可和疑问词where, why, how 连用，但不能和when 连用.故现在完成时 对时间的提问不用when ，只用how long 。 Where have you been? Why have you turned off the radio? When have you come back? (×) He has been in China for 4 years. (提问) When(×) / How long( ) has he been in China? （2 ）have been to /have gone to /have been in 的区别 have been to +地点 表示曾经去过某地，现人已返回。(once ,twice ….) have gone to +地点 表示人已去了某地，人还未返回。(where is sb ?) have been in +地点 表示在某地呆多长时间。（for…../ since ….. ） I have been to Beijing twice. –Where is Tom? –He has gone to HK. Lucy has been in this school for two years. （3)短暂性动词和持续性动词的现在完成时 A. 若后面没有时间状语“for + 时间段，since + 时间点”时，短暂性和持续性动词都可用于现 在完成时。如：I have bought(短暂) a new computer. () He has already lived (持续) in the small village. () B. 若后面有时间状语“for + 时间段，since + 时间点”时，要用持续性动词或短暂性动词的否 定。如： They have stayed (持续) in the village for 10 years. I have taught(持续) English at this school since 5 years ago. You haven’t received (短暂)her letter for 2 weeks. We haven’t left (短暂)China since 20 years ago. 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状