古道西风别样薰.docxVIP

古道西风别样薰 打开文本图片集 内容摘要：北魏都平城期间的乐舞文化，主体是以鲜卑为代表的北方各少数民族以及中亚一带的胡风乐舞。《旧唐书·音乐志》所载《真人代歌》“名目可解者六章”在《乐府诗集》中的对应辞篇，不是代歌原貌。公元5世纪中叶，来自龟兹、疏勒、西凉、安国、高丽、悦般等地域的各族乐舞流派与乐工流布平城，形成平城乐舞文化胡汉杂糅、多元荟萃的局面。北魏平城时代乐舞文化体系的构建过程，就是将聚集在平城地区庞杂的乐舞文化支系进行异源合流的整合过程，其最终结果是创造出戎华兼采、鲜卑当歌的《真人代歌》。 关键词：平城;鲜卑;代歌;乐舞 中图分类号：G256.1;K879.22 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-4106（20XX）03-0030-09 Alien Cultures on Ancient Silk Road —Foreign Music and Dance in Pingcheng as the Capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty ZHAO Kunyu （Archaeology Division， Research Academy of the Yungang Grottoes， Datong， Shanxi 037337） Abstract： The music and dance culture in the time when the Northern Wei took Pingcheng as its capital are mainly the arts of the ethnic minorities represented by the Xianbei people who lived in north China and Central Asia. The six chapters with identified titles of Zheen daige（Songs of the Ethnic Minorities of North China） recorded in the Old Tang History： Music have their counterparts in The Collection of Yuefu Poetry though they differ from the originals. In the middle of the 5th century， various schools of music and dance from Kucha， Shule， Western Liang， the An kingdom， Korea， and Gorgeo came to Pingcheng， forming a cultural diversity composed of both alien and indigenous Han Chinese elements. The construction process of this music and dance culture in the Pingcheng-based Northern Wei is a perfect example of the integration process occurring between various peoples that finally led to the creation of the Zheen daige which included both alien and Han Chinese styles. Keywords： Pingcheng; Xianbei; daige; music and dance（Translated by WANG Pingxian） 皇始二年（397），北魏灭后燕取邺城，尽占黄河以北地区，与东晋形成隔河对峙的局面。至此，五胡十六国无序的战车终于走出铁马金戈的错杂交响，停靠在拓跋鲜卑的驿站。天兴元年（398）秋七月，鲜卑人唱着牧歌走进了平城，依托汉平城县原有城垣，建宗庙，立社稷，经营北魏新都。平城的光彩自此一直辉耀到孝文帝太和十八年（494）前后，持续达97年之久。这就是通常意义上的北魏平城时代。 拓跋鲜卑创建北魏王朝后，兵燹未止，鏖战方殷，开拓四海，不断向平城移民，充实京师，“以五方之民各有其性，故修其教不改其俗”[1]，使受徙代地的各族移民风俗如故，习性驰放。其时，居近塞下的胡汉商人、驰命走驿的外国商贾、手持经卷粉本的僧侣以及奉礼朝魏的各国使节等等，都满腔热忱地由丝路涌向平城，一时，京畿之地集聚人口