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杂学 The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential. 为了使自身长久，一个社会设计的方法形成了，并试图保存这个社会认为很重 要的那些文化传承的方面。 Hardy s weakness derived from his arepnptainability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic andrisky ones. 哈代的弱点来源于他对灵感冲动若影若现在控制上的无能和对这些灵感冲动 在培育和支持上的迟疑。 Virginia Woolf s provocative statement aboinuttehnetior ns in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly beenignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. 弗吉尼亚沃尔夫在写《达腊味夫人》的时候关于她写作目的的激进评论一直以 来被批评家所忽略，因为她强调了和新派诗人传统理解完全不同的她自己 文学兴趣的那些方面，这些新派诗人对幻觉状态的研究和对个人内心世界 复杂路径的追踪充满兴趣。 As she put it in The Common Reader , “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another becauseof anything Chaucer said or wrote ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore . ” 正如她在 common reader 中所说的， 肯定的说， 没有一个法律因为任何 choucer 说的或者写的而被建立起来，当我们读他的时候，我们全身心吸收的是道 德。 Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was freque，nt he shows that the slavespre，ferr that the slaves pre，ferre vceea led most clearly on plantations where sale was in freque nt, was very much for stable mono gamy (—夫一妻) 尽管加特曼承认销售导致的强迫分离是频繁的，但是他表示，正如在销售不是 很频繁的种植园中所被清晰揭示的那样, 奴隶的偏好更多的是一夫一妻制。 Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouragedthe transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to anothe,ra heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences. 加特曼肯定的说,黑人家庭的稳定性鼓励并且支持了一代一代人有关民俗、音 乐和宗教信仰等黑人传承的传递,即那些黑人通过在非洲和美洲的经验不 断创造的文化传承。 His thesis works relatively w