大学生物学Physics (12)大学生物学.pdf

Chapter 14 Sound Characteristics of sound A special and important type of mechanical wave B Speed of sound: v , depends on the medium  Loudness: related to the energy of sound Pitch: related to the frequency of sound Audible range: 20Hz ~ 20000Hz Infrasonic ultrasonic 2 Intensity of sound Loudness: represented by the intensity 1 2 2 I P / S v A 2 Range of ear: 10-12W/m2 ~ 10W/m2 (painful) Sound level: using a logarithmic scale I Unit: decibel (dB)  10log10 I 0 I0 = 10-12W/m2 Notice: logarithmic scale 50dB ~ 20dB? 3 Distance sound level Example1: Sound from a loudspeaker is measured to be 60dB at a distance of 2m. To obtain a level of 40dB, how can we choose the distance? I Solution: Sound level  10log10 I 0 I   10log 1 I 100I 1 2 10 1 2 I 2 For a spherical wave: I / I r 2 / r 2 1 2 2 1 Distance we choose: r 10r 20m 2 1 4 Doppler effec