有机化学中的物质氧化还原反应.pptVIP

17. OXIDATION AND REDUCTION IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 有机化学中的氧化还原反应;词汇;electronegative 电负性 bond angle键角 H3CCl、methyl chloride unshared electron pair孤对电子 ammonia氨、氨水、氨气 ethylene乙烯 carbon-carbon double bond碳-碳双键 ;【课文翻译】;How do we know when an organic compound has been oxidized? 我们如何知道有机化合物什么时候被氧化？ In the last section, we recognized that conversion of an alcohol to a ketone is an oxidation because it is brought about by the reduction of Cr(VI). recognize [?rek?ɡnaiz] 承认、conversion [k?n‘v?:?n] 转化、ketone [’ki:t?un] 酮、reduction [rid?k?n] 还原 在最后一部分，我们承认醇转变成酮是一个氧化反应，因为它是因Cr(VI)的还原而产生的。;But there are other oxidations in which the oxidizing agent is less obvious. agent [?eid??nt] 、obvious [??bvi?s] 明显的但是，另外一部分氧化反应中，氧化剂不是明显能够看出来的。 Our goal in this section is to be able to recognize an oxidation or reduction merely by examining the transformation of the organic compound itself. examining [iɡ?z?mini?] 仔细检查 在此部分，我们的目标就是仅仅通过有机化合物本身的变化来辨别氧化反应或还原反应。 ; ; ;The oxidation level of a particular carbon is assigned by considering the relative electronegativities of the groups bound to the carbon, as follows: considering [k?n?sid?ri?] 考虑到、就…而论 relative [?rel?tiv] 相关的、比较而言的 electronegativity [i?lectrauneg?tiviti] 电负性 特殊碳原子的氧化级数可以通过和它结合的基团的电负性来确定，如下： ; (a) For every bond to an element 1ess electronegative than carbon (including hydrogen), and for every negative charge on the carbon, assign a –1. electronegativity [i?lectrauneg?tiviti] 电负性、negative [?neɡ?tiv] 消极的、否认的、负的、–1、minus [?main?s] one 对于和比碳原子电负性小的元素（包括氢）所成的每一个化学键，以及碳原子上的每一个负电荷，确定为-1。;(b) For every bond to another carbon atom, and for every unpaired electron on the carbon, assign a zero. 对于和另外一个碳原子上所成的每一个化学键以及碳原子上的每一对孤对电子，确定为0。 (c) For every bond to an element more electronegative than carbon, and for every positive charge on the carbon, assign a +1. 对于和每一个电负性比碳大的元素所成的每一个化学键，以及碳原子上的每一个正电荷，确定为+1。 ;(d) Add the numbers assigned in (a), (b), and (c) to obtain the oxidation level for the carbon atom under consideration（在