生理学教学课件：26-nervous system-4.pptVIP

Huntington’s Disease Disorganized random movements of extremities, face tongue Accompanied by muscular hypotonia Wide Cortices Motor Cortices New Corpus striatum D2 D1 Substantia Nigra DA(-) DA(+) GABA (-) Globus Pallidus Internal Segment Thalamus GABA (-) (+) Globus Pallidus External Segment GABA (-) Subthalamus Nucleus GABA (-) Glu(+) Glu(+) Glu(+) Direct Pathway Indirect Pathway Cause of Huntington’s Disease Cerebellum --- Voluntary Movement Function: --Control of body equilibrium eyeball movement Disease: --Positional nystagmus Vestibulocerebellum Functions: --Moment to moment coordination of voluntary movement -- Regulation of muscle tension (facilitation is stronger than inhibition) Disease: --Cerebellar ataxia --Intention tremor --Adiadochokinesia (轮替动作不能） --Muscular hypotonia Spinocerebellum Cerebrocerebellum Participate in the movement design together with basal ganglion * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Caused by a weaker continue stretch of the muscle spindle Transmitted from the Ia II sensory nerve Motor unit at same muscle is Non-synchronized contraction Polysynaptic reflex Maintaining the posture of the body for a long time Sensory receptor: muscle spindle Importance: combat effect of gravity maitain body upright position, protect the muscle from injury 2. Muscle Tonus (Static/Tonic Stretch Reflex) Inverse stretch reflex Sensory receptor：Golgi Tendon Organ Structure of Tendon Organ Located in the muscle fibers muscle tendon junction Connective tissue encapsulating collagen fibers nerve endings 10~15 muscle fibers are usually connected to each tendon organ Invervated by Ib afferent nerve fiber Sensitive to Tension Tendon Organ: Reflex Arch Activation of Tendon Organ (-) x Muscles contract will stimulate golgi tendon organ. Golgi tendon organ records the change in muscle ten