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实验四粪便标本分离-II
肥达、梅毒反应素检测
内容:
1、视频:厌氧菌感染
2 、讨论:流感嗜血杆菌,白喉棒状杆菌
示教镜:白喉棒状杆菌亚碲酸钾平板菌
落、异染颗粒
3 、粪便标本划线接种结果观察
4 、操作:粪便标本培养接种肉汤培养基
5 、操作:粪便标本培养革兰染色
嗜血杆菌属Haemophilus
-
G small, pleomorphic, fastidious
H. influenzae
• heme synthesis deficient X factor dependent
• NAD synthesis deficient V factor dependent
• Satellite phenomenon
• Capsulated (6 serotypes, Hia-Hif) strains are usually invasive
pathogens, esp. Hib, and cause meningitis and epiglottitis 会厌炎 in
3m-5y old children
• Uncapsulated (untypable, UTHI) strains are common commensals in
upper respiratory tract, causing secondary pneumonia and other non-
invasive diseases (otitis media, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, exacerbation
of COPD etc.)
• -lactamase encoded by transmissible plasmid in 25% Hib; 3rd gen.
cef i.v.
H. ducreyi
• X factor-dependent, V factor-independent
• causes STD chancroid (soft chancre, 软下疳); treated with oral
azithromycin; no lasting immunity
流感嗜血杆菌卫星现象
棒状杆菌属 Corynebacterium
G+ (Actinomycetes放线菌门) club-shaped rods
C. diphtheriae
• Black colonies on agar containing potassium tellurite 亚碲酸钾(reduction)
• Metachromatic granules in aniline 苯胺staining
• Four biotypes: gravis, mitis, intermedius, belfanti
• Toxigenic strains carry lysogenic phage encoding diphtheria exotoxin (Dt),
probably expressed on cell lysis
• Dt is a typical A-B toxin and causes ADP-ribosylation of EF-2
• Pseudomembrane: Dt is absorbed through mucosa, destroys
epithelium and causes local inflammation. Necrotic epithelium is embedded
by fibrin and blood cells to form a grayish pseudomembrane over tonsils,
pharynx or larynx.
• Dt released by C. d. in pseudomembrane enters blood and damages
distant tissues (heart, liver, kidney, etc) without bacteremia
• Immediate administration of anti-toxin upon presumptive diagnosis
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