5.细菌的遗传与变异（英文）.pdfVIP

and variation Concept: • Heredity (inheritance) the “likeness” of the characteristics of progeny and parent. • Variation the “ difference ” between progeny and parent. heritable variation: genetic substance changes . non-heritable variation : environment changes. variation examples 1. shape and structure variation L form 2.colony variation smooth colony rough colony 3.virulence variation BCG : 230 generals, 13 years. vaccine 4. resistance variation …… rough colony smooth colony Genetic substance Bacterial genome chromosome plasmid transposable element bacteriophage Plasmid （Page39) Extro-chromosomal genetic substance. Circle double strand DNA 1. autonomous replication 2. control most of auxiliary functions of bacterial cell  antibiotic resistance —R plasmid . production of fimbriae —F plasmid bacteriocin —E. coli con plasmid . 3. dispensable, it can be lost . 4. transfer from a bacteria to another  conjugative plasmid : F+ sex pilus  non-conjugative plasmid: phage 5.Incompatibility and compatibility.  Incompatibility  Compatibility Bacteriophage(Page40) bacterial virus (1) viral common properties smallest simple structure :DNA/RNA, protein parasite in living cell (2) widespread exis