现在完成时讲解及练习题(含答案).pdfVIP

. 时态讲解：现在完成时 （1）构成：现在完成时由助动词 have + 过去分词构成，助动词 have 有人称和数的变化。 第三人称单数用 has，其余用 have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上 not 、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以 study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下： 否定式 疑问式 I have not (haven ’t) studied … . Have I studied …? You have not (haven ’t) studied … . Have you studied …? He has not (hasn ’t) studied …. Has he studied …? 否定疑问式 简单回答（肯定 / 否定） Have I not (Haven ’t I) studied …? Yes, you have. No, you haven ’t. Have you not (Haven ’t you) studied …? Yes, I have. No, I haven ’t. Has he not (Hasn ’t he) studied …? Yes, he has. No, he hasn ’t. （2 ）用法： 1）现在完成时通常表示在 说话之前已经完成的动作 或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该 动作或状态对现在的 结果或影响 。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I ’m sure we ’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2 ）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用， 如 recently, already, just, lately, for … , since …,yet 等。如： I haven ’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven ’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. ★注意： 1）since 和 for 的区别 since 后接时间点，如 1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there 。for 后 接一段时间，表示 “长达多久 ”，如 ten years, a while, two days 等。 Exercise: 用 since 和 for 填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. 3.