第讲产业生态效率.pptxVIP

Industrial Ecology in Actionsession 10产业生态效率1/53一、产业生态效率的概念及其发展 Eco-Efficiency starts from issues of economicefficiency which have positive environmental benefitswhile cleaner production starts from issues ofenvironmental efficiency which have positive economicbenefits. The concept of eco-efficiency was first coined in 1992 bythe Business Council for Sustainable Development (BCSD)in its landmark report Changing Course. Eco-efficiencywas further defined at the first Antwerp Workshop onEco-efficiency held in November 1993 as being “reachedby the delivery of competitively priced goods and servicesthat satisfy human needs and bring quality of life whileprogressively reducing ecological impacts and resourceintensity throughout the life cycle to a level at least in linewith the earths estimated carrying capacity”.2/53一、产业生态效率的概念及其发展The WBCSD has identified seven success factorsfor eco-efficiency:Reduce the material intensity of goods and services;Reduce the energy intensity of goods and services;Reduce toxic dispersion;Enhance material recyclability;Maximise sustainable use of renewable resources;Enhance material durability;Increase the service intensity of goods and services These elements clearly build upon and help furtherthe successfull United Nations cleaner productioninitiatives towards sustainable production andconsumption patterns.3/53一、产业生态效率的概念及其发展 生态效率的目的是鼓励企业在提高经济效益、提供更具有竞争力和创新能力的同时，也能更多地负起保护环境的责任。生态效率作为一种全新的经营管理哲学，是推动企业迈向可持续续发展的基本理论，十多年来发展迅速，相关的观点、做法、工具等正在逐步完善与推广。在联合国环境规划署（UNEP）和世界可持续发展工商业理事会推动下，遍布全球33个国家的数百家跨国企业开始采纳与实施“生态效率”计划。生态效率是工业生态学的一个重要研究领域与组成部分，经过十多年的努力和实践，“生态效率”的理论及相关体系逐渐成熟，已经成为国际环境管理的新潮流。4/53一、产业生态效率的概念及其发展1.生态效率的概念、内涵 “生态效率（eco-efficiency）”这一概念于1992年被首次提出， 生态效率是指“生态资源满足人类需要的效率， 它可以看作是一种产出/投入的比值，可以说是一个广义的性能比。其中产出是指一个企业、行业或整个经济体提供的产品与服务的价值，投入指由企业、行业或经济体造成的环境压力。” 其概念的直观表达式可表示为： 产品或服务的价值 价值的增加生态效率＝ ＝ 环境影响 环境影响的增加其中环境影响指的是原材料、能源的使用和废弃物的排放。5/53 一、产业生态效率的概念及其发展 对于工业界而言，生态效率是指在生产过程中，资源利用、工