材料科学概论.ppt

整理课件 Sophisticated page 13，line 6 from below [sE5fistikeitid] adj. 1.诡辩的, 久经世故的 2.Very complex or complicated: 非常复杂精密或尖端的 最新最尖端的技术 the latest and most sophisticated technology. Semiconductors are relatively invisible compared with polymers , but have a comparable social impact. Semiconductors are the basis of modern electronics. A relatively small group of elements and compounds has an important electrical property。 three semiconducting elements (Si (silicon),Ge (germanium [dVE:5meiniEm] ) , Sn(tin)). compounds: GaAs gallium [5^AliEm] arsenide, CdS cadmium sulfide [5kAdmiEm 5sQlfaid] ceramics compound : ZnO Precise control of chemical purity allows precise control of electronic properties. Characteristics: semiconduction, in which they are neither good electrical conductors nor good electrical insulators [5insjuleitE] , instead, their ability to conduct electricity is intermediate [7intE5mi:djEt]. Atomic-scale-architecture Composite Devitrified[di:5vitrifai] 使不透明 Ductility Electronic and magnetic material Fiberglass Materials selection Microcircuitry [5maIkrEJs\:kIt][电子]微电路 Microscopic-scale architecture Refractory Structural material Qustions 1、Please define composites, and then demonstrate the characteristics of good composites by some examples. 2、please enumerate ( [i5nju:mEreit] v.列举) semiconducting elements and compounds. Composite is material composed of a microscopic-scale combination of individual materials from the categories of metals, ceramics (and glasses), and polymer. E.g. fiberglass is a kind of composite system composed of polymeric matrix reinforced with glass fibers. Characteristic of fiberglass provides the best of both worlds: It carry along the superior properties of each component, producing a product that is superior to either of the components separately. The high strength of the small-diameter glass fibers is combined with the ductility of the polymer matrix to produce