介孔Fe Al、Fe La复合材料的合成、表征及砷氟共除性能的实验研究.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 26 介孔Fe Al、Fe La复合材料的合成、表征及砷氟共除性能的实验研究 摘要：地下水中砷污染和氟污染问题普遍存在。砷和氟会严重危害人体健康。研究去除水中砷氟的新型吸附剂是近几年来的研究热门。实验中以FeCl3、C9H21AlO3和La(NO3)3·6H2O为原料合成了Fe/Al和Fe/La复合材料。通过SEM、XRD、N2吸脱附对合成的吸附剂进行了表征，结果表明两种材料表面粗糙，都具有比较大的比表面积，有利于吸附过程的发生。从Zeta电位、吸附等温线及pH影响三个方面系统分析并初步探究了两种吸附剂对砷和氟的吸附机理。实验结果表明，Fe/Al和Fe/La复合材料两种吸附剂对水中砷氟都有着良好的去除效果。 关键词：复合吸附剂吸附砷氟共除 Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Fe-Al and Fe-La Composite and Experimental Study on the Performance of As and F Removal Abstract：The problem of arsenic pollution and fluorine pollution in groundwater is universal. Arsenic and fluoride can seriously harm the health of human body. Study on the removal of arsenic and fluoride from water using new adsorbent is a hot research topic in recent years. Fe/Al and Fe/La composites were synthesized by FeCl3, C9H21AlO3 and La (NO3) 3`6H2O as raw materials in the experiment. The synthesis of adsorbent was characterized by SEM, XRD and N2 adsorption desorption. The results showed that the surface roughness of the two materials had a large specific surface area, which was favorable for the occurrence of the adsorption process. From three aspects of Zeta potential, adsorption isotherm and pH effect, the adsorption mechanism of two kinds of adsorbents on arsenic and fluoride were analyzed and explored. The experimental results show that the Fe/Al and Fe/La composites have a good effect on the removal of arsenic and fluoride in water by two kinds of adsorbents. Key words: composite adsorbent; adsorption; removal of Arsenic and fluoride 第1章绪论 1.1 引言 砷和氟在自然界中普遍存在。氟化物和砷化物被普遍用于日常生活及工业生产中。但是过量摄入氟化物和砷化物会严重危害人的身体健康[23,24]。肺病，皮肤病等的发病率增长与长期引用高砷水有直接关系（WHO， 2006）。氟则是危害牙齿和骨骼的罪魁祸首[14]。近年，有关砷氟引起的地方病和中毒事件层出不穷[1]。随着社会的发展，砷化物和氟化物的应用更为广泛，在一定程度上造成了地下水中砷氟超标情况更为严重[4]。在我国，高砷水高氟水的分布极为广泛，但内蒙古、新疆、宁夏等地是主要的集中地。 1.2 砷、氟污染的危害 1.2.1 砷的污染及危害 砷及砷化物对环境及地下水的污染在生活中十分常见。砷并非人体必需的元素，但因为所处环境中含有砷，因此成为人和动植物的组成元素[28]。砷大部分用于农药。地下水中的砷有自然和人类活动两种来源。岩石风化以及火山爆发都会引起大气中砷的含量增加[3]。人类活动来源主要包括：砷化物的开采和冶炼；砷化物的广泛利用；含砷农药的生产和使用；煤的燃烧等。元素砷的毒性极低，但砷化物均