我国自然人破产制度研究.docVIP

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  • 2021-12-02 发布于河北
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PAGE PAGE 17 我国自然人破产制度研究 摘要:自然人破产制度即将自然人纳入破产主体的行列。具体来说就是指自然人型的债务人无法清偿债务,法院依法定程序宣告破产,并对其财产进行清算和分配的法律制度。我国2007年6月正式施行的新《企业破产法》规定的破产主体仅为企业,即自然人破产制度在我国依旧不被认可。然而,自改革开放以来,我国市场经济不断深入发展,建立自然人破产制度的先行条件、制度基础现已具备。本文分三部分:第一部分对自然人人破产制度的概念进行了界定,描述特征,介绍历史渊源;第二部分,阐述当下我国建立自然人破产制度的必要性及可行性;第三部分,提出在我国把自然人纳入破产法律制度的构想。 关键词:自然人破产;历史沿革;制度构想;失权复权 Natural person bankruptcy system research in China Abstract: Personal bankruptcy system is a natural person into the main body of bankruptcy. Specifically refers to the natural person is the debtor. when it cannot pay off its due debts, the court declared its bankruptcy, in accordance with legal procedure and legal system of liquidation and distribution of his property. New Bankruptcy Law of china in June, 2007 came into effect, It’s only for the enterprise, meanings a natural person bankruptcy system in our country is still not recognized. However, more than 30 years of reform and opening-up, with the deepening development of Chinas market economy, we have condition precedent to establish natural person bankruptcy system. This article is divided into three parts: the first part defines the concept of the personal bankruptcy system, describes the characteristics, introduces the historical origin. The second part, the paper expounds the necessity and feasibility of creating natural anyone bankruptcy system in China. The third part, the paper puts forward to establish the idea of a natural person bankruptcy law system in our country. Keywords: personal bankruptcy; history evolution;System design; loss of right recovery of right 一、自然人破产制度概述 (一)自然人破产制度的概念 自然人破产制度就是说把自然人列入破产法的调整范围,该自然人型的债务人无法清偿到期债务,法院依法及其法定程序宣告该自然人破产,并对其财产及相关权利进行调整、清算和分配,起到债务豁免效果的法律规范。笔者认为:简单来说,即某自然人用他的的全部个人资产都不能清偿他背负的全部债务,可以向法院申请破产,通过法定的程序获准后,从而使其未清偿的债务得到豁免的法律制度。 (二)自然人破产制度的法律特征 相较于法人破产制度而言,笔者归纳出自然人破产制度的的三个基本特征: 1.破产主体:自然人破产制度的主体是法人、其他组织等相对的民事法律概念自然人,具体包含民事主体概念中拥有民事权利能力和民事行为能力的自然人,还包括在商行为中负有无限连带责任的商主体—自然人。相对于一般法人破产制度的主体,即法人。 2.破产原因:自然人破产的原因种类是多样的,内容的多维的。早在1995年,有学者在其著作中提出了自然人破产的三大

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