电动车避障系统的设计.docx

PAGE I 摘要 为了解决车辆无法自动避障的问题，本文设计了一套可用于车辆自动避障的方案。本套方案采用51单片机作为系统的主控芯片，搭配LCD显示屏、超声波传感器、电机以及其它外围I/O设备对车辆避障系统进行设计。系统通过超声波传感器来对距离进行测量，当检测到的距离小于设定阈值距离时系统启动后退或左右转操作，LCD实时显示当前测距距离和设定的阈值。通过方案论证，最终确定了本文的系统设计方案。 在对设计出的硬件系统进行测试时，系统可以实现：通过阈值调节按键可以对距离阈值进行调节，通过超声波传感器可以对前方障碍物距离进行实时检测，通过LCD可以实时显示障碍物距离和距离阈值，通过电机可以驱动小车前进后退和左右转。 关键词 自动避障；超声传感器；电机驱动；距离阈值 Title ××××××××（4号Times New Roman） Abstract: In order to solve the problem that vehicles cannot automatically avoid obstacles, this paper designs a set of solutions that can be used for vehicles to avoid obstacles automatically. This set of solutions uses 51 single-chip microcomputer as the main control chip of the system, with LCD display screen, ultrasonic sensor, motor and other peripheral I/O equipment to design the vehicle obstacle avoidance system. The system uses ultrasonic sensors to measure the distance. When the detected distance is less than the set threshold distance, the system initiates a backward or left-right turn operation, and the LCD displays the current ranging distance and the set threshold in real time. Through the program demonstration, the system design program of this paper is finally determined. When testing the designed hardware system, the system can realize: the distance threshold can be adjusted through the threshold adjustment button, the distance of the obstacle in front can be detected in real time through the ultrasonic sensor, and the distance and distance threshold of the obstacle can be displayed in real time through the LCD , The motor can drive the trolley forward and backward and turn left and right. Keywords: automatic obstacle avoidance; ultrasonic sensor; motor drive; distance threshold 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u 1 绪论 1 1.1 论文研究的背景及意义 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 1 1.3 本文主要研究内容及论文结构安排 2 2 系统方案论证 3 2.1 系统设计方案 3 2.2 主控模块选型 3 2.3 显示模块选型 5 2.4 超声波传感器 6 2.5 电机驱动模块 6 3 硬件电路的设计 8 3.1 单片机 8