昆虫形态学课件-昆虫体躯构造、头部与触角.pptVIP

2.4.2 Ocellus (pl. Ocelli) 单眼 (1) dorsal ocelli 背单眼 Usually 3 (none or two) Typically lie in a triangle on top of the head Single lens; not image-forming but perceive strength of light (2) Lateral ocelli or Stemmata (singular: stemma) 侧单眼 The only visual structures of larval insects, positioned laterally on the head, either singly or in clusters. 幼虫的视觉器官只有侧单眼 2.5 Antenna (pl. antennae) 触角 Antennae are mobile, segmented, paired appendages In antennal sockets 触角窝 Taste, listen, touch 司嗅觉、听觉、触觉 Structure of the Antennae Generally 3 parts Scape 柄节: basal most segment Pedicel 梗节: nearly always contains a chordotonal organ 对声音产生反映的器官 (a sensory organ known as Johnston’s organ) sense vibrations (sound in ♂ mosquitoes) Flagellum (pl. Flagella)鞭节: 1-30+ segments flagella pedicel scape Head capsule Movement of the Antenna flagellum pedicel scape antennifer (single condyle: ball-and-socket type movement) Head capsule Only the scape has internal musculature 1、刚毛状 setaceous 2、丝状（线状）filiform 3、念珠状 moniliform 4、锯齿状 serrate 5、栉齿状 pectinate 6、双栉状（羽状） bipectinate 7、膝状（肘状）geniculate 8、具芒状 aristate 9、环毛状 plumose 10、棒状 clavate 11、锤状 capitate 12、鳃叶状 lamellate Types of antennae 触 角 类 型 雄芫菁触 角 Bipectinate双栉齿状,Plumose羽状/环毛状 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Capitate 锤 状 Lamellate 鳃叶状 Geniculate 膝状=肘状 Clavate 棒状（球杆状） Aristate 具芒状 Setaceous 刚毛状 Insects with bizarre antennae General structure of insect head REVIEW What is Morphology? 昆虫形态学 Insect morphology Morphology is the study of structures and their functions. 1.1 General Body Plan 体制 Bilaterally Symmetrical Body Proximal, basal 基部的 refers to near the body Distal, apical (for appendages) 端部的 means distant from the body Mesal, medial 中间的 nearer to the midline (median line) Lateral 侧面的 closer to the body margin Chapter 1 External Morphology 昆虫的外部形态 1.2 Exoskeleton 外骨骼 Exoskeleton (exocuticle) sclerotized cuticle 表皮硬化而成 Segment/Somite 体节 Each segmen