蒋长流西方经济学讲座.pptVIP

Growth and Investment Copyright?2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning ( a ) G r o w t h R a t e 1 9 6 0 – 1991 ( b ) I n v e s t m e n t 1 9 6 0 – 1991 South Korea Singapore Japan Israel Canada Brazil West Germany Mexico United Kingdom Nigeria United States India Bangladesh Chile Rwanda South Korea Singapore Japan Israel Canada Brazil West Germany Mexico United Kingdom Nigeria United States India Bangladesh Chile Rwanda Investment (percent of GDP) Growth Rate (percent) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 10 20 30 40 投资与经济增长之间的关系是显而易见的。 第三十页，共三十四页。 The impact of population growth Investment, break-even investment Capital per worker, k sf(k) (? +n1) k k1* (? +n2) k k2* An increase in n causes an increase in break-even investment, leading to a lower steady-state level of k. 第三十一页，共三十四页。 Prediction: Higher n ? lower k*. And since y = f(k) , lower k* ? lower y* . Thus, the Solow model predicts that countries with higher population growth rates will have lower levels of capital and income per worker in the long run. 第三十二页，共三十四页。 International Evidence on Population Growth and Income per Person 第三十三页，共三十四页。 内容总结 The production function生产函数。经济政策能否改变一个国家经济增长的路径。如果能，一个贫穷的国家有没有可能赶上富裕国家的生活水平。The production function。Note: this production function exhibits diminishing MPK该生产函数表明资本的边际报酬递减.。两部门经济中，经济均衡条件为。The consumption function消费函数。Saving and investment储蓄与投资。Capital per worker, k。投资使得资本存量越来越大 折旧使得资本存量越来越少.。? k 替换已经耗费的资本 第三十四页，共三十四页。 When everything on the slide is showing on the screen, explain to students how to interpret f(k): f(k) is the “per worker production function,” it shows how much output one worker could produce using k units of capital. You might want to point out that this is the same production function we worked with in chapter 3. We’re just expressing it differently. When everything on the slide is showing on the screen, explain to students how to interpret f(k): f(k) is the “per worker production function,” it shows how much output one work