遥感数字图像增强.pptxVIP

会计学;处理过程;以不同的色彩表示图像的色调变化，增强了图像的显示能力 同一地物或现象可能被分割成两种不同密度并以不同的颜色显示出来，或同一色彩却表示两种以上不同的地物，造成判读错误。 ;2、多波段彩色变换;第4页/共65页;第5页/共65页;TM1;TM 7,4,1;ENVI彩色合成演示;3、HLS变换;二、对比度变换;线性变换：在改善图像对比度时，如果采用线性或分段线性的函数关系，那么这种变换就是线性变换。 调整线性参数，改变变换效果 分段式线性变换 非线性变换：变换函数为非线性函数时，即为非线性变换。;A linear stretch involves identifying lower and upper bounds from the histogram (usually the minimum and maximum brightness values in the image) and applying a transformation to stretch this range to fill the full range. ;This graphic illustrates the increase in contrast in an image before (left) and after (right) a linear contrast stretch. ;If the input range is not uniformly distributed. In this case, a histogram-equalised stretch may be better. This stretch assigns more display values (range) to the frequently occurring portions of the histogram. In this way, the detail in these areas will be better enhanced relative to those areas of the original histogram where values occur less frequently;This graphic illustrates the rather uneven increase in contrast in an image before (left) and after (right) a histogram equalised stretch. ;三、空间滤波;空间滤波：以突出图像上的某些特征为目的，通过像元与周围相邻像元的关系，采取空间域中的邻域处理方法进行图像增强方法。 图像卷积运算：在图像的左上角开一个与模板同样大小的活动窗口，图像窗口与模板像元的亮度值相乘再相加，得到新像元的灰度值。;A common filtering involves moving a ‘window’ （活动窗口）of a few pixels in dimension (e.g. 3x3, 5x5, etc.) over each pixel in the image, applying a mathematical calculation using the pixel values under that window, and replacing the central pixel with the new value. ;Image of CHURN Farm Daedalus 1268 ATM Channel 3;A low-pass filter（低通滤波） is designed to emphasise larger, homogeneous areas of similar tone and reduce the smaller detail in an image. Thus, low-pass filters generally serve to smooth（平滑） the appearance of an image. ;;Directional or edge detecting filters highlight linear features, such as roads or field boundaries. ;Horizontal edges;1、平滑--图像中出现某些亮度值过大的区域，或出现不该有的亮点时，采用平滑方法可以减小变化，使亮度平缓或去掉不必要的亮点。;2、锐化—突出图像的边缘、线性目标或某些亮度变化率大的部分。;Edge Enhancement;Smoothing;四、图