詹姆斯·R·埃文斯-数据、模型与决策(第4版)evans_sda4_ppt_08.pptVIP

詹姆斯·R·埃文斯-数据、模型与决策(第4版)evans_sda4_ppt_08.ppt

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Chapter 8: Statistical Quality Control8-1Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ?Publishing as Prentice Hall VariationCommon causes – variation resulting from process factors such as people, materials, methods, and measurement systemsSpecial causes – variation that occurs sporadically and can be identified or explained8-2Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ?Publishing as Prentice Hall Statistical Process ControlWhen only common causes of variation are present, a process is in control.If special causes of variation occur, the process is out of control.SPC is focused on identifying when special causes are present, or if a process is in control.8-3Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ?Publishing as Prentice Hall SPC MethodologySelect a sample of observations from a processMeasure a quality characteristicRecord dataCalculate key statisticsPlot statistics on a control chartExamine the chart for out-of-control conditionsDetermine the cause and take corrective action8-4Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ?Publishing as Prentice Hall Run Charts and Control ChartsRun chart – a line chart where the independent variable is time and the dependent variables is the value of a sample statisticControl chart – a run chart with control limits that describe limits of common cause variation8-5Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ?Publishing as Prentice Hall Control Chart Structure8-6Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ?Publishing as Prentice Hall ?x- and R-charts The?x-chart monitors the centering of a process over time as measured by the mean of each sampleThe R-chart monitors the variability in data as measured by the range of each sample8-7Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ?Publishing as Prentice Hall Example: Syringe Samples File8-8Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ?Publishing as Prentice Hall Run Chart of Sample Means 8-9Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ?Publishing as Prentice Hall Run Chart of Sample Ranges8-10Copyright ? 2010 Pearso

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