计算机组成与结构：chapter17 Micro-programmed Control.pptVIP

Computer Organization ArchitectureChapter 17Micro-programmed Control Introduction The methods that control execution of an instruction:Hardwired control InflexibleIt is difficult to add a new machine instructionMicroprogrammed controlQuite common in contemporary CISCMicroprogrammed controlControl logic is specified by a microprogramMicroprogramA sequence of instructions in a microprogramming languageVery simple instructions that specify micro-operations 17.1 Basic ConceptsMicroprogramming languageA language Specifying micro-operations A clause is a microinstructionMicroprogramA sequence of microinstructions Also called firmware FirmwareThe program instructions in a read-only storageA midway between hardware and softwareControl wordA “0,1” sequence for control usage, corresponds a microinstruction How to Control Using MicroprogramAll the control unit does is to generate a set of control signalsEach control signal is on or offRepresent each control signal by a bitHave a control word for each micro-operationHave a sequence of control words for each machine code instructionAdd an address to specify the next micro-instruction, depending on conditionsAlso, add a few bits to specify the condition Micro-instruction TypesEach micro-instruction specifies single (or few) micro-operations to be performed (vertical micro-instruction)Each micro-instruction specifies many different micro-operations to be performed in parallel(horizontal micro- instruction) Vertical Micro-instructionWidth is narrown control signals encoded into log2 n bitsLimited ability to express parallelismseldom use Horizontal Micro-instructionWide memory wordHigh degree of parallel operations possibleLittle encoding of control information Interpretation of A MicroinstructionThis microinstruction turns on all the control lines indicated by a 1 bit, leaves off all the control lines indicated by a 0 bitThe resulted control signals will cause one or more micro-operations to be performedIf the condition indicated