计算机网络英文版课件：Chapter2 Application Layer.pptVIP

2: Application Layer1Chapter 2: Application LayerOur goals: conceptual, implementation aspects of network application protocolstransport-layer service modelsclient-server paradigmpeer-to-peer paradigmlearn about protocols by examining popular application-level protocolsHTTPFTPSMTP / POP3 / IMAPDNSprogramming network applicationssocket API 2: Application Layer2Some network appse-mailwebinstant messagingremote loginP2P file sharingmulti-user network gamesstreaming stored video clipssocial networksvoice over IPreal-time video conferencinggrid computing 2: Application Layer3Creating a network appwrite programs thatrun on (different) end systemscommunicate over networke.g., web server software communicates with browser softwareNo need to write software for network-core devicesNetwork-core devices do not run user applications applications on end systems allows for rapid app development, propagationapplicationtransportnetworkdata linkphysicalapplicationtransportnetworkdata linkphysicalapplicationtransportnetworkdata linkphysical 2: Application Layer4Application architecturesClient-serverIncluding data centers / cloud computingPeer-to-peer (P2P)Hybrid of client-server and P2P 2: Application Layer5Client-server architectureserver: always-on hostpermanent IP addressserver farms for scalingclients:communicate with servermay be intermittently connectedmay have dynamic IP addressesclient/server Google Data CentersEstimated cost of data center: $600MGoogle spent $2.4B in 2007 on new data centersEach data center uses 50-100 megawatts of power 2: Application Layer7Pure P2P architectureno always-on serverarbitrary end systems directly communicatepeers are intermittently connected and change IP addressesHighly scalable but difficult to managepeer-peer 2: Application Layer8Hybrid of client-server and P2PSkypevoice-over-IP P2P applicationcentralized server: finding address of remote party: client-client connection: direct (not through server) Instant messagingchatting between two user