Lecture免疫学概述的学习资料.pptxVIP

Lecture免疫学概述的学习资料第1页/共95页 The Origin of Immune ConceptThe term “Immunity” = Latin word “Immunitas” = Protection from legal prosecution (Roman senators) Biological definition = Protection from infectious diseases2. The concept of immunity = existed in ancient Greek Chinese = the experienced view“天花”又名痘疮 中国从宋朝起用人痘接种预防天花第2页/共95页 The medical view of immunity = Edward Jenner (1796) Observation = Milkmaids generally get No Smallpox Hypothesis = Pus from vaccinia (cowpox) = Protect milkmaids from smallpox Test = Inoculate materials from cowpox pus = Protect a young boy from smallpox (Protective immunity)The vaccination against smallpoxExudate from a cowpox pustule on the hand of milkmaid Sarah Nelmes was inserted into scratches on the arms of James Phipps, May 14, 1796. 第3页/共95页 Edward JennerEradication of smallpox200 yearsafter JennerWHO announcesmallpox eradicated1965197019751980Countries withmore than onesmallpox caseper month30150第4页/共95页 4. The concept of “Immunity” developed gradually over time through many scientific findings: = Robert Koch (1905 Nobel Laureate) = Infectious diseases caused by microorganisms = Louis Pasteur = Vaccines against cholera rabies = These clinical successes = The search of underlying mechanism of “Protection of Infectious Diseases” = The development of “Immunology” Advances in technology (e.g., Cell culture, Monoclonal Ab, Flow cytometry, Genetic engineering…etc) have facilitated our understanding of the immune system and its functions. “Descriptive Science” = “Experimental Science”第5页/共95页 免疫（immunity)传统概念指免除疫病、免除感染，指机体抗感染的防御能力。现代概念指机体对“自己”或“非己”的识别并排除“非己”的功能。第6页/共95页 免疫的基本功能功能正常表现（有利）异常表现（有害）免疫防御immune defence抗病原微生物的侵袭超敏反应易受感染或免疫缺陷病免疫稳定immune homeostasis清除损伤、衰老、死亡细胞 自身免疫性疾病免疫监视immune surveillance清除突变或畸变的恶性细胞 恶性肿瘤 第7页/共95页 免疫系统 (immune system)：机体执行免疫功能的组织、器官、细胞和分子构成免疫系统。第8页/共95页 The four kinds of pathogens that cause human disease常见的病原微生物第9页/共95页 Overview of immune responses第10页/共95页 固有免疫（innate immuni