基因突变engv的课件资料.pptxVIP

基因突变engv的课件资料第1页/共61页 Gene Mutation Change in genes caused by change in structure of the DNA.第2页/共61页 Base(s) in DNA is (are) changed to other(s), or a base(s) is (are) added or removed. Rearrangements of the chromosomes occur and are also considered.第3页/共61页 Mutations are heritable changes in genetic material.第4页/共61页 1. Mutagens or Mutagenic Agents These are substances, conditions and forms that significantly increase the frequency of mutations.第5页/共61页 Mutations can occur at a spontaneous rate, or a far greater rate when there is exposure to mutagenic agents.第6页/共61页 Exposure to too high a level of mutagens can threaten the survival of a species; e.g., frog species in the states of Washington and Oregon are facing extinction. This appears to be caused by reduced atmospheric ozone, and the resulting increased level of ultraviolet radiation. 第7页/共61页 A forms of energy Examples of a forms of energy are ultraviolet light, x-rays, cosmic energy, gamma radiation, alpha particles, beta particles and neutrons. 第8页/共61页 Ultraviolet (UV) light UV light has shorter wavelengths than visible light. Though these waves are invisible to the human eye, some insects, like bumblebees, can see them! 第9页/共61页 Scientists have divided the ultraviolet part of the spectrum into three regions: the near ultraviolet, the far ultraviolet, and the extreme ultraviolet. 第10页/共61页 The three regions are distinguished by how energetic the ultraviolet radiation is, and by the wavelength of the ultraviolet light, which is related to energy.第11页/共61页 The near ultraviolet, abbreviated NUV, is the light closest to optical or visible light. The extreme ultraviolet, abbreviated EUV, is the ultraviolet light closest to X-rays, and is the most energetic of the three types. The far ultraviolet, abbreviated FUV, lies between the near and extreme ultraviolet regions. It is the least explored of the three regions. 第12页/共61页 第13页/共61页