管理与组织资料课件.pptVIP

第一页，共四十四页。 Define motivation Compare and contrast early theories of motivationCompare and contrast contemporary theories of motivationDiscuss current issues in motivationChapter 16: Motivation第二页，共四十四页。 What Is Motivation?Motivation - the process by which a person’s efforts are energized, directed, and sustained toward attaining a goal.第三页，共四十四页。 Early Theories of MotivationMaslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsMcGregor’s Theories X and YHerzberg’s Two-Factor TheoryMcClelland’s Three Needs Theory第四页，共四十四页。 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs TheoryHierarchy of needs theory - Maslow’s theory that human needs — physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization — form a sort of hierarchy.第五页，共四十四页。 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory (cont.)Physiological needs - a person’s needs for food, drink, shelter, sexual satisfaction, and other physical needs.Safety needs - a person’s needs for security and protection from physical and emotional harm.Social needs - a person’s needs for affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship.第六页，共四十四页。 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory (cont.)Esteem needs - a person’s needs for internal factors (e.g., self-respect, autonomy, and achievement) and external factors (such as status, recognition, and attention).Self-actualization needs - a person’s need to become what he or she is capable of becoming.第七页，共四十四页。 Exhibit 16-1: Maslow’sHierarchy of Needs第八页，共四十四页。 McGregor’s Theory X and Theory YTheory X - the assumption that employees dislike work, are lazy, avoid responsibility, and must be coerced to perform.Theory Y - the assumption that employees are creative, enjoy work, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction.第九页，共四十四页。 Herzberg’s Two-Factor TheoryTwo-factor theory (motivation-hygiene theory) - the motivation theory that claims that intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction and motivation, whereas extrinsic factors are associated with job dissatisfaction.第十页，共四十四页。 Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory (cont.)Hygiene factors