心肌梗死英文.pptxVIP

心肌梗死英文第1页/共48页 Definition Prevalence Cause Symptoms and signs Auxiliary examinations 。Contents Diagnosis The differential diagnosiscomplications Therapy 。第2页/共48页 Definition Death or necrosis of myocardial cells.第3页/共48页 Definition From an anatomic or morphologic standpoint ---- transmural ----non transmural.第4页/共48页 第5页/共48页 Definition From ECG finding --ST elevation STEMI --non-ST elevation NSTEMI第6页/共48页 Prevalence The World Health Organization estimated in 2004, that 12.2% of worldwide deaths were from ischemic heart disease.第7页/共48页 Leading cause of death in high- or middle-income countries. Second only to lower respiratory infections in lower-income countries. 第8页/共48页 Worldwide, more than 3 million people have STEMIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs a year.STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women.第9页/共48页 In general，MI can occur at any age，but its incident rises with age.Approximately 50% of all MI’s in the US occur in people younger than 65 years of age.第10页/共48页 Mortality The mortality is 50% in 24 hours.第11页/共48页 Cause Coronary atherosclerosis Formation of thrombus Obstruction of blood flow Muscle death in cardiac muscle 第12页/共48页 Plaque rupture →adventitialipid coreCholesterol nuclearthrombosis 第13页/共48页 Ruptured plaques 第14页/共48页 Risk factors AgeHyperlipidemiaDiabetes mellitus Hypertension Smoking Male gender Family history of atherosclerotic arterial disease (inheritance)第15页/共48页 Inducing factors Early hours of the morning Overeating Heavy physical activity AgitationRapid rise of blood pressure Defecating hardly Shock DehydrationSurgery Severe arrhythmia 第16页/共48页 Symptoms Prodromal symptoms:Pain of infarction Associated symptomsPainless infarction sudden death and Early arrhythmias 第17页/共48页 Prodromal symptomsOccur at rest or with less activity than usual.Approximately one third have had symptoms from 1 to 4 weeks before.第18页/共48页 Pain of infarction At rest In the early morni