2021教资科目二教育知识与能力必背简答题汇总.docxVIP

2021教资科目二教育知识与能力必背简答题汇总 2021教资科目二教育知识与能力必背简答题汇总 一、教育的产生与发展 教育是一种有目的地培养人的社会活动，这是教育区别于其他事物现象的根本特征，是教育的本质属性。教育的社会属性包括永恒性、历史性、继承性、长期性、生产性、民族性和相对独立性。 二、教育学的产生与发展 孔子是中国古代伟大的教育家，他的教育思想主要体现在《论语》一书中。孔子提出了启发式教学和因材施教的原则，倡导学、思、行相结合的方法，并强调温故知新的重要性。《学记》是中国也是世界教育史上的第一部教育专著，强调教学相长、藏息相辅、豫时孙摩、启发诱导和长善救失的教学原则。西方教育思想的萌芽阶段包括苏格拉底和昆体良，后来夸美纽斯提出了“泛智”教育和班级授课制，卢梭主张自然主义教育，斯宾塞认为教育的目的是为未来“完满生活”做准备。 三、教育的基本规律 生产力对教育具有决定作用，教育对生产力的促进作用是其经济功能。社会政治经济制度对教育具有制约作用，而教育对社会政治经济制度的影响作用是其政治功能。文化对教育发展也具有制约作用。 n and Its Role in Cultural Development One of the key points is the relative independence of n。which is influenced by its historical inheritance。the uneven development of society。and its parallelism with other social ideologies. Another important point is the main factors that influence an individuals physical and mental development。which include ics。environment。n。and subjective agency. The laws of individual physical and mental development include sequence。stages。imbalance。complementarity。individual differences。and wholeness. The purpose of n is structured hierarchically。from the nal n goals to the goals of individual schools and teachers. The establishment of n goals is based on the specific social。political。economic。and cultural context。as well as the developmental needs of individuals and their n ideals。Marxs theory of comprehensive development serves as the theoretical n for n goals in China. The theory of n goals can be viewed from an individual-centered perspective or a society-centered perspective。Comprehensive development n consists of moral n。intellectual n。physical n。aesthetic n。and labor and technical n. The establishment of nal systems is based on us factors。including the development of productivity and technology。social and economic systems。the developmental needs of children and youth。n growth。cultural ns。and the influence of foreign nal systems. Modern school n systems can be classified as dual-track。single-track。or branched. The n of Chinas nal system includes the 1902 Rin Yin System (no