高中英语教学：高中定语从句专项讲解练习.doc

定语从句 【概念】定语从句,也称为关系从句或形容词性从句,由关系代词或关系副词引导,用来限制,描绘或说明主句中的某一个名词或代词(有时也可以说明整个主句或主句中的一部分),即句子作定语.定语从句所修饰的对象被称为先行词.定语从句按其作用可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句. 关系代词和关系副词的作用有: = 1 \* GB3 ①连接作用:引导从句并同时连接主句和从句 = 2 \* GB3 ②替代作用:在从句中替代它前面的先行词 = 3 \* GB3 ③作成分:在从句中充当句子成分.如:主语(who,that,which);宾语(who,whom,which,that);表语(that,as);定语(whose,...of whom/which);时间状语(when),地点状语(where)和原因状语(why). 说明:关系代词在从句中宾语时可省略,作其他成分时一般不可省略. 关系代词的用法 1.关系词用法分类 关系词 例词 所修饰的先行词 在从句中所作的成分 省略情况 关系代词 who 人 主语,宾语,表语 作宾语时可省略 whom 人 宾语 可省略 which 物 主语,宾语,表语 作宾语时可省略 that 人或物 主语,宾语,表语 作宾语时可省略 as 人,物或事 主语,宾语,表语 不可省略 whose 人或物 定语 不可省略 关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语 不可省略 where 地点名词 地点状语 不可省略 why 原因名词 原因状语 不可省略 2.关系代词that和which的用法 = 1 \* GB2 ⑴限制性定语从句中,必须用关系代词that的情况: = 1 \* GB3 ①当先行词是不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等时. Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? You should hand in all that you have. = 2 \* GB3 ②当先行词被the only,the very,any,few,little,no,all等词修饰时. This is the very person that Im waiting for. The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice. = 3 \* GB3 ③当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时. This is the best way that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen. = 4 \* GB3 ④当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时. This train is the last that will go to Suzhou. What is the first American film that you have seen? = 5 \* GB3 ⑤当先行词既有人又有物时. Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? = 2 \* GB2 ⑵当先行词指物时,定语从句中关系代词必须用which的情况: = 1 \* GB3 ①在非限制性定语从句中,只用which,不用that. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,which,of course,made the others envy him. = 2 \* GB3 ②当定语从句中的介词提前时,只用which,不用that. This is the school in which I once studied. 3.关系代词who/that,whom和whose的用法. 当先行词指人: = 1 \* GB3 ①在定语从句中作主语时,用who/that,不可省略 = 2 \* GB3 ②在定语从句中作宾语时,用whom/who/that,可以省略 = 3 \* GB3 ③在定语从句中作定语时,用whose,不可省略 She is the girl who/that lives next door.(先行词在定语从句中作主语) Thats the girl(whom/who/that)I teach.(先行词在定语从句中作宾语) This is