数据库查询优化的研究及应用.docVIP

PAGE 18 数据库查询优化的研究及应用 摘要 数据操纵策略和查询优化策略是提高查询效率的两个主要方面。其中，数据操纵策略的研究主要在（1）如何减小空间搜索范围；（2）如何减少时空运算代价；（3）如何选择最优的存取路径等三个方面展开。这三个方面是相互影响的。界定和转化数据操纵中的时空关系是减小空间搜索范围的一条途径，但同时，时空关系的转化可能会影响时空运算代价和存取路径的变化，因此，如何在这三者中作出有效的权衡是数据操纵策略的宗旨。 查询优化策略是提高查询效率的另一个方面。目前的数据库理论大多基于关系数据库理论，关系数据库中的大多数查询优化策略和原则在时空数据库中还能适用，但必须注意到时空数据库中时态信息和空间信息的特殊性。时空运算的代价不再是可以忽略不计的CPU运算时间，必须将减小时空运算代价提高到提高查询效率的日程上来。时间和空间信息的特殊性还决定了语义查询优化的可行性和重要性，恰当的获取和运用时态和空间的语义规则，将会为查询优化作出重大的贡献。 关键词：时空数据库 时态关系 空间关系 时空关系 拓扑空间关系 时空语义规则 Abstract The stategy of the data operation and the query optimization are the two main methods improving the query efficiency. By now, we can make the research in the below three apects: first, minishing the querying area; second , decreasing the cost of the spatio-temporal computation; third , choosing the low-cost accessing path. The above three aspects affect each other. The definition and transformation of the spatial relations is one method to minish the spatial query area, but , at the same time ,this will affect the cost of the spatio-temporal computation and the accessing path. So, the tenet of the data operation is to count the cost and choose the best stategy. The query optimization is an another aspect improving the query efficiency. Now most of the database theory is based on the conventional relation database theory. Most of the strategy of query optimization may be applied in the spatio-temporal database, but, we must realize the speciality of the spatial information and the temporal information. The cost of the spatio-temporal computation can not be ignored . The speciality of the spatial and temporal information make that the spatio-temporal semantic query optimization is important and essencial. The acquirement and the right management of the semantic rules will contribute to the query optimization. KEYWORDS: spatio-temporal database; temporal relations; spatial relations; spatio-temporal relations; topological spatial relations; spatio-temporal semantic rules 1 引 言 时空数据库理论的产生是伴随