脊椎和无脊椎动物免疫系统.pptVIP

Evasion of Immunity IVertebrate and invertebrate immune systems.Dr. Jo HamiltonParasitology BS2021/3/121 Introduction. Successful parasites have evolved strategies for survival development in both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts.The goal of a parasite is to propagate within the host and be transmitted to the next host. The goal of the parasitised host is to cure or limit the infection.During the next three lectures we will investigate strategies used by parasites to evade the host immune response. In this session we will revisit the immune system of both vertebrates and invertebrates.2021/3/122 Objectives and learning outcomes. By the end of this session students should be:Familiar with fundamental biology of vertebrate invertebrate immune systems. Familiar with the concept of innate and acquired immunity in vertebrates.Recognise that there is only innate immunity in invertebrates.Recognise the key players in both vertebrate and invertebrate immune systems.2021/3/123 Immunity.Resistance to infection is called immunity. The term “immunity” is derived from the Greek word “immunis” meaning exempt.There are two types of immunity in vertebrates.Innate immunity – present from birth.Acquired immunity – result of infection or vaccination.Invertebrates only posses innate immunity. 2021/3/124 Innate immunity in vertebrates (also known as non-specific or natural immunity).Characteristics:Present from birth. Non-specific - acts on many organisms and does not show specificity. Does not become more efficient on subsequent exposure to same organisms. 2021/3/125 Innate immunity in vertebrates.Non-specific Host Defences include:Mechanical / physical barriers – skin, mucosal surfaces.Prevention of stasis – peristalsis, flow of urine, upward movement of secretions in bronchial tree, coughing, vomiting. 2021/3/126 Innate immunity in vertebrates.Chemical defences - Low pH of stomach contents, secretion of fatty acids in the skin.Biological defence – complement, lysozyme, interferon