人体结构与功能 6-Elements of cellular and molecular neuroscience-synapse学习资料.ppt

电镜冰冻蚀刻技术显示突触结构*************************传入侧支性抑制伸肌的肌梭传入纤维进入中枢后，直接兴奋伸肌的α运动神经元，同时发出侧支兴奋一个抑制性神经元，转而抑制屈肌的α运动神经元，导致伸肌收缩而屈肌舒张；这种抑制曾被称为交互抑制。这种形式的抑制不是脊髓独有的，脑内也有。这种抑制能使不同中枢之间的活动协调起来。*回返性抑制是指某一中枢的神经元兴奋时，其传出冲动沿轴突外传，同时又经轴突侧支去兴奋另一抑制性中间神经元；该抑制性神经元兴奋后，其活动经轴突反过来作用于同一中枢的神经元，抑制原先发动兴奋的神经元及同一中枢的其他神经元。这种抑制是一种负反馈控制形式，它能使神经元的活动及时终止，也促使同一中枢内许多神经元之间的活动能步调一致。****OutlineTypesofsynapsesSignaltransmissionatchemicalsynapsesPrinciplesofsynapticintegration*MostCNSneuronsreceivethousandsofsyanpticinputsthatactivedifferentcombinationsoftransmitter-gatedionchannelsandGPCRs.Thepostsynapticneuronintegratesallofthesesignalsandgiverisetoasimpleformofoutput:actionpotentials.PrinciplesofSynapticIntegration*SpatialsummationTemporalsummationEPSPSummation*SpatialsummationTheaddingtogetherofEPSPsgeneratedsimultaneouslyatmanydifferentsynapsesonadendrite.TwoormorepresynapticinputsareactiveatthesametimeAspace(spatial)dependentprocess.OccursinaConvergentSynapse*TemporalsummationTheaddingtogetherofEPSPsgeneratedatthesamesynapseiftheyoccurinrapidsuccession,within1-15msecofoneanother.ThesamepresynapticfiberfiresAPinquicksuccessionATime(Temporal)dependentprocessOccursinaDivergentSynapse*SummationofpostsynapticpotentialsEPSPsIPSPssummateCANCELEACHOTHER*-70mv+--EPSPIPSP+*DivergentsynapseandconvergentsynapseSynapticInhibitionSynapticFacilitation*DivergentSynapseAjunctionthatoccursbetweenapresynapticneuronandtwoormorepostsynapticneurons(ratioofpretopostislessthanone).Thestimulationofthepostsynapticneuronsdependsontemporalsummation.*PresynapticneuronsPostsynapticneuronConvergentSynapseAjunctionbetweentwoormorepresynapticneuronswithapostsynapticneuron(theratioofpretopostisgreaterthanone).Thestimulationofthepostsynapticneurond