数学竞赛题：网格几何与乘积问题.pdfVIP

HMMTNovember2015

November14,2015

Themeround

1.Considera11gridofsquares.LetA,B,C,Dbetheverticesofthissquare,andletEbethemidpoint

×

ofsegmentCD.Furthermore,letFbethepointonsegmentBCsatisfyingBF=2CF,andletPbe

theintersectionoflinesAFandBE.FindAP.

PF

Proposedby:SamKorsky

Answer:3

LetlineBEhitlineDAatQ.It’sclearthattriangAQPandFBParesimilarso

APAQ2AD

===3

PFBF2BC

3

2.Considera22gridofsquares.Davidwritesapositiveintegerineachofthesquares.Nexttoeach

×

row,hewritestheproductofthenumbersintherow,andnexttoeachcolumn,hewritestheproduct

ofthenumbersineachcolumn.Ifthesumoftheeightnumbershewritesdownis2015,whatisthe

minimumpossiblesumofthefournumbershewritesinthegrid?

Proposedby:AlexanderKatz

Answer:88

Letthefournumbersbea,b,c,d,sothattheotherfournumbersareab,ad,bc,bd.Thesumofthese

eightnumbersisa+b+c+d+ab+ad+bc+bd=(a+c)+(b+d)+(a+c)(b+d)=2015,and

so(a+c+1)(b+d+1)=2016.Sinceweseektominimizea+b+c+d,weneedtofindthetwo

factorsof2016thatareclosesttoeachother,whichiseasilycalculatedtobe42·48=2016;thismakes

a+b+c+d=88.

3.Considera33gridofsquares.Acircleisinscribedinthelowerleftcorner,themiddlesquareof