大学英语说明文写作教程.pptxVIP

说明文写作1/33

一、概述二、写作方法及例子三、图表作文2/33

一、概述说明文是描述某一事物、事由或过程文章。它用于说明客观事物特点和性能，或介绍某种操作程序，或解释一些抽象概念，或说明某种科学原理、自然现象等，完全是就事论事描述，所以也称技术性描写文。词典、教材、论文、试验汇报、甚至广告等都属这类文体。3/33

二、写作方法及例子1、下定义（definition）像词典那样直接地给字或词下定义，也包含深入经过举例、对比、比喻逻辑推理等写作方法解释事物，使读者对事物特点有更全方面了解。4/33

例：Ambitionmeansthegoalinourlife.Tohaveone’sambitiondoesnotnecessarilymeantobecomeoneofthechiefstateleaders.Thisisnottherealsenseoftheword.Trueambitionencouragesusalwaystolookforwardandnottolosehopeinfaceoffailure.Ambitiondiffersfrompersontopersonandeveryonehashisownambition.Yetnoteveryoneofuscansucceedinwhatwedesiretodo.5/33

2、举例子（Illustration）。例：Americansvaluemanuallabor.Theyhavegreatrespectforcraftsmanship.ManyAmericansprefercrafthobbies.Forexample,somebuildsmallboatsintheirleisuretime.Othersmakenewfurnitureorrefinishantiquefurniture.Othersenjoy6/33

gardeningorpainting.Manylow-incomeAmericanfamilieshavebeautifulfurnitureorpaintingsorpotteryorboats.Theymakethesethingsandtheyareproudoftheirmanualskill.Infactsomepeoplearereallyveryhandy.7/33

3、分类（Classification）。把事物分作若干类型并说明或描述各事物特点和差异。8/33

例：Allmatterisinoneofthethreestates.Itmaybeinthestateofagas,aliquidorasolid.Asolidhasdefiniteshapeanddefinitevolume.Aliquidhasdefinitevolume,butithasnodefiniteshape.Itmayflowortaketheshapeofitscontainer.Agaschangesnotonlyinshapebutalsoinvolume,foritexpandsandcontractseasily.9/33

4、比较（Comparison）和对照（Contrast）比较和对照在英语写作中应用非常广泛。普通来说，比较时指对人或事件之间相同点进行分析；对比是对人或事物之间不一样点进行比较。不过在很多情况下，这两种方法不能截然分开。10/33

例：Itiseasytobeawinner.Awinnercanshowhisjoypublicly.Hecanlaughandsinganddanceandcelebratehisvictory.Peoplelovetobewithwinners.Winnersareneverlonely.Unlikewinners,losersarethelonelyonesoftheworld.Itisdifficulttofacedefeatwithdignity.Loserscan