暨南大学环境污染与健康-第6章 稳定同位素标记和手性化学.pptVIP

ApplicationsofChiralChemistryInthepast,ER=A?/A?(Problem:ERinfinitiveifA?~zero)Now,EF=A?/(A?+A?)Foratwo-endmembersystem,massbalanceconsiderationsyield:Cm=Ca+CbEFm=faEFa+fbEFbOtherDiagnosticTools–OCPsQiuetal.,2005;Leeetal.,2001;Wurletal.,2006IndexRatioSource?-HCH/?-HCH4-15TechnicalHCHs0.2-1Lindane(?-HCH)p,p-DDT/(p,p’-DDE+p,p’-DDD)1Newinput(anti-foulingpaintetc.)1Historicalresidueso,p-DDT/p,p-DDT0.2-0.3TechnicalDDT7±2.2Dicofol-derivedDDT Petroleum CombustionMPhe/Phe High LowPhe/Ant High LowFl/Pyr High LowBaA/Chr Low HighOtherDiagnosticTools–PAHsWangetal.,Mar.Pollut.Bull.,2008BaA/228与Fl/202的应用PetrogenicorginPyrolyticorginPetrogenicorginPyrolyticorginOtherDiagnosticTools–PAHsCarbonPreferenceIndex(CPI)Usedtodifferentiatebetweenpetrogenicandbiogenicsourcesoftotaln-alkanesUsedtoidentifytheportionofn-alkanesfromhighplantwaxOtherDiagnosticTools–n-AlkanesOdd-EvenCarbonNumberPreference(OEP)IntherangeofC23toC33withamaximumatC27orC29asanindicationofinputsfromrefractoryhighplantwaxOtherDiagnosticTools–n-AlkanesPristane/Phytane(Pr/Ph)~3–5:Uncontaminatedenvironment≤1:PetroleumcontaminationExtentofdegradationofn-alkanesPr/C17-alkane(Pr/C17)andPh/C18OtherDiagnosticTools–n-AlkanesPlantWaxAlkane(%waxCn)%waxCn=?100%Usedtodeterminethecontributionsofbiogenicandpetrogenicsourceston-alkanesOtherDiagnosticTools–n-AlkanesNaturaln-AlkaneRatio(NAR)NAR=?100%Employedtoestimatetheproportionofnaturaln-alkanes;aNARvaluecloseto0or100indicatesthedominanceofpetroleuminputsorterrestrialhighplants/marineplantsOtherDiagnosticTools–n-AlkanesTheslopecanbeusedtodescribetherelationshipbetweentheemissionrateandthemediaconcentrationOtherDiagnosticTools