2025-2026学年上海市育才中学高二（上）期末英语试卷（含答案）.docxVIP

2025-2026学年上海市育才中学高二（上）期末英语试卷

一、选词填空-短文：本大题共1小题，共10分。

1.

A.actionsB.choosingC.exercisingD.groundedE.intentionalF.modest

G.passengersH.predictiveI.separatingJ.thoughtsK.weighing

FreeWillUndertheScanner

Onenight，whilelyingawake，Ifoundmyselfturningoverdifferentwaystobeginanessay.Iimaginedsentenceaftersentence，（1）______howeachmightflowintothenext.Allthewhile，neurons（神经元）werequietlyfiringinmybrain.ThatneuralactivityhelpsexplainwhyIhadthose（2）______—butdoesitalsomeanIhadnochoiceinthematter？

Somescientistsbelieveso.Anumberofinfluentialstudiessuggestthatourbrainslaunch（3）______beforeweareawareofmakingadecision.Inthe1980s，BenjaminLibetfoundthatelectricalsignalsinthebrain—so-calledreadinesspotentials—appearbeforepeoplereportchoosingtomove.Morerecentstudieshavefoundsimilarresults，sometimesdetecting（4）______brainactivityseveralsecondsinadvance.

Thesefindingshaveledsomeresearcherstoconcludethatfreewilldoesntexist—thatthebrain，notthemind，determineswhatwedo.NeuroscientistJohn-DylanHaynes，forinstance，hasarguedthatourdecisionsarepredetermined，andthatthebrainismakingthedecisionbeforetheperson.PhilosopherandbiologistJerryCoynegoesfurther，claimingthatnoneofourchoicesresultfrom（5）______reflectionatall.

Butdotheseexperimentsreallyshowthatwearemere（6）______，watchingdecisionsunfoldfromthebackseat？Notquite.Thetasksinvolvedinthesestudies，like（7）______betweentwobuttons，aresimple.Theydonotreflectthekindofthoughtfulplanningweengageineveryday.Moreover，thepowerofearlybrainsignalsis（8）______atbest.Inmanycases，itsonlyslightlymoreaccuratethanacoinflip（抛硬币）.

Otherresearchshowsthatconsciousthoughtdoesmatter.Formingspecificintentions，reflectingongoals，and（9）______self-controlcansignificantlyinfluenceouractions.Theseprocesses，though（10）______inthebrain，arec