清华大学机械工程课程PPTCH10-SME-EngMater.pptVIP

Chapter10-PolymersLowdensity;GenerallylowE,?y,KIC,andTapplication;DeformationisoftenTandtimedependent;Easytofabricate,inexpensive;Thermalandelectricalinsulation;….Naturalpolymers:wood,rubber,wool,leather,silk,proteins,enzymes,starches,cellulose.SyntheticpolymersPlasticsElastomers(orrubbers)Fibers,Adhesives,etc.PolymersThermoplasticsThermosettingplastics(Thermosets)Polymers

10.1General:MeltingTemperatureTmandGlassTransitionTemperatureTgBothTmandTgincreasewithincreasingchainstiffness.Chainstiffnessincreasedby:Callister,Fig.16.9TMolecularweightTgTmmobileliquidviscousliquidrubbertoughplasticpartiallycrystallinesolidcrystallinesolidBulkysidegroups;Polargroupsorsidegroups;Doublebondsoraromaticchaingroups;Increasedmolecularweight;Crosslinks;Irregularity–affectsTmonly.NormallyTgliessomewherebetween0.5and0.8Tm(inKelvin)

10.2Thermoplastics:General?Plastics–Advantages:Widerangeofproperties;Minimumfinishing;Minimumlubrication;Goodinsulation;Lightweight;Noisereduction.?Thermoplastics:Littlecrosslinking;SmallerE,?y,andTapplication;LargerKIC;Ductile;Easiertoformandrecycle:Softenwhenheated;Canbereheatedandformedintonewmaterials.?Thermosets:Largecrosslinking(10-50%ofmers)andanetwork;LargerE,?y,andTapplication;SmallerKIC;Hardandbrittle;Donotsoftenwhenheated;Cannotbereformedbyreheating;Setbychemicalreaction.

10.2Thermoplastics:General-PurposeThermoplastics-SalesPE,PVC,PP,andPSaccountformostoftheplasticmaterialssold;Relativelylowcost(0.5$/lbin2000).

10.2Thermoplastics:General-PurposeThermoplastics-PropertiesPMMAPMMAPTFEPTFEDensities:around1g/cm3;Tensilestrength:100MPa;ServiceTemp.:300?C.

10.2Thermoplastics:General-PurposeThermoplastics-Applications?Polyethylene(PE):Cleartowhitishtranslucent;Moste