972-20060920 中級會計學（三）教學投影片.ppt

2006/09/20 中級會計學（三）教學投影片（多章附錄） 陳 錦 烽 國立政治大學會計系 Appendix 9A: LIFO Retail Methods LIFO Retail Method – for stable prices Emphasizes matching current cost against current revenues Both markups and markdowns are considered (but assume that both markups and markdowns only apply to goods purchased in during the current period ? debatable!!) Beginning inventory is excluded from the cost-to-retail percentage Appendix 9A: LIFO Retail Methods Dollar-Value LIFO Retail Method – fluctuating prices Price changes must be eliminated to measure the real increase in inventory (not the dollar increase!) Subsequent adjustments of inventory layers Not necessarily result in lower taxable income (conventional retail (LCM) write-off may offset current cost matching) Appendix 9A: LIFO Retail Methods Changing from conventional retail to LIFO Conventional retail method approximates LCM, but LIFO retail is cost-based, therefore, the beginning inventory must be restated to cost when the above change in inventory method is made Both markups and markdowns are included in computing the cost-to-retail percentage Cumulative 累積 preferred stock Participating 參加 preferred stock: Fully Participating 全部參加 Partially Participating 部份參加 Convertible 可轉換 preferred stock Callable 可贖回 preferred stock Redeemable 強制贖回 preferred stock Book value per share 每股帳面價值 ＝Common stockholders’ equity ÷ Outstanding shares Retained earnings must be allocated between the preferred and common stockholders for the following items Dividends in arrear, dividend participation, redemption or liquidating value (if higher than its carrying amount) These plans provide employee incentives and may be: Stock option plans（股票選擇權計畫）: incentive plans [IRS approved], or non-qualified plans Stock appreciation rights（股票增值權） Performance plans（績效型計畫） What is the value of the compensation (if any)? When, if at all, should it be recognized? Corporations measure compensation expense by: the intrinsic method（真實價值法）, or the fair value method