欧洲文化入门第一章.pptVIP

European Culture An Introduction Division One Greek Culture and Roman Culture Greek Culture and Roman Culture Greek culture Roman Culture Greek culture The Historical Context 1194B.C.-1184BC.:TrojanWar 5th century B.C.: the successful repulse of the Persian invasion, the establishment of democracy and the flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens. The second half of the 4th century B.C.: all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, King of Macedon. 146 B.C. The Romans conquered Greece. Social and Political Structure Athens was a democracy Democracy: exercise of power by the whole people, but by “the whole people” the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father. Slave System Sports: once every four years, the Greeks had a big festival on Olympus Mount which included contests of sports. Thus began the Olympic Games. It was revived in 1896. Homer He lived around 700 B.C. Epics: the Iliad（伊利亚特 另译伊利昂记）and the Odyssey（奥德赛） The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of troy. The Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan War to his home island of Ithaca. Lyric Poetry Sappho (about 612-580 B.C.), women poets of Lesbos, is noted for her love poems of passionate intensity. She was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece. Plato called her the tenth Muse. Pindar (about 518-438B.C.) is best known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games, such as the 14 Olympian odes. Drama A powerful drama developed in the 5th century B.C. Performances were given in open-air theaters and the actors wore masks. Compare: ①.Chines dramatic face ②.China’s masks ③. Sichuan Opera’s changing faces Aeschylus (525-456 B.C.) 埃斯库罗斯 Plays: Prometheus Bound（被缚的普罗米修斯）, Persians（波斯人）, and Agamemnon（阿伽门农）