通信系统 第四版 第六章课件.ppt

Communication Systems contents 6.1 Introduction Three basic digital modulations hierarchy of digital modulation techniques Observations from Fig. 6.1 M-ary modulations Hybrid modulation Coherent and noncoherent techniques Bandwidth Efficiency 6.2 Passband Transmission Model 6.3 Coherent Phase Shift Keying Generation and Detection of Coherent BPSK signals Signal-space Diagram of QPSK Example 6.1 generation of a QPSK signal Generation and Detection of Coherent QPSK signal 6.3.3 Offset QPSK (OQPSK) 6.3.4 ?/4-shifted QPSK phase transition rule in ?/4-shifted QPSK Advantage features of p/4-shifted QPSK 6.3.5 M-ary PSK 6.4 Hybrid Amplitude/Phase Modulation Schemes 6.4.1 QAM—M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation 6.5 Coherent Frequency-Shift Keying 6.5.1 Binary FSK 6.9 Differential Phase-Shift Keying Generation of DPSK Table 6.7 Illustrating the generation of DPSK signal The carrier phase used for the transmission of successive symbols is alternately picked up from one of the two QPSK constellations and then the other. Figure 6.12 Eight possible phase states for the Pi/4-shifted QPSK modulator. The phase transitions from one symbol to the next are restricted to ± p/4 and ± 3p/4, which is to be smaller than ± p/2 and ± p in QPSK. Consequently, envelope variations are reduced. p/4-shifted QPSK signals can be noncoherently detected. In MPSK, the phase of the carrier takes one of M possible values, namely, Accordingly, during each signaling interval of duration T, one of the M possible signals can be defined as: PAK： Phase Amplitude keying QAM—M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation. In QAM, there are two basis functions The transmitted M-ary QAM signal for symbol k is defined by Depending on M, M=2n, there are two kinds of constellations: Square constellation when n is even; Cross constellation when n is odd. QAM Square Constellation When an even number of bits per symbol, we may write L is a positive integer. Figure 6.17 16QAM (a) Sign