外文翻译--企业文化.docVIP

本科毕业论文（设计） 外文翻译 外文题目 Corporate Culture 外文出处 Management Decision Volume: 27 Issue: 1 1989： P15-16 外文作者 Liam Gorman 原文： Corporate Culture Liam Gorman What is Corporate Culture Let us now look more specifically at the question of what corporate culture is, the types of corporate culture that may exist, and at the question of best fit between culture, company and environments. All definitions of culture refer to the underground nature of culture and to the hidden hand with which culture guides behaviour, thought and feelings. Looking at how culture is formed helps us to understand its character and impact. Schein[l], for instance, points out that culture is the total of the collective or shared learning of the group as it develops its capacity to survive in its external environment and to manage its own internal affairs. It comprises the solutions to external and internal problems that have worked in the past and that are taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think about and feel in relation to those problems. Culture is composed of: (1) Values and assumptions which prescribe what is important. (2) Beliefs on how things work; (3) Behavioural norms—a set of attitudes that are easier to decipher than values and assumptions. In the past, culture was thought of as a set of attitudes at the bottom of organizations which could be problematic, in that it was frequently an anti-management culture and thus bad. It was assumed that management had the right attitudes, or attitudes in support of company goals. Culture, however, operates at all levels, and we are now more aware that there can be aspects of culture affecting all hierarchical levels which can be self defeating for the organisation. Past crises, achievements, successes and failures lead to the creation of assumptions about: (1) reality (you cannot tru