Histology课件.pptVIP

Histology Introduction Definition of Histology : to study the fine structure associated with its function in the human body. Contents: cells (basic units of structure) and intercellular substance ? Tissues (epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous) ?more than 2 kinds of tissues Organs ? organs with related functions Systems Epithelial Tissue (ET) Characteristics: 1. Membrane-like structure: crowded cells with very scanty intercellular substance. 2. Polarity : basal end rests on the basement membrane (BM), the distal end associates with functions, e.g. absorption (microvilli by EM, striated boarder by LM), secretion (gland: goblet cell, acinus) and etc. 3. Avascular: in general ET has no blood vessels, may be rich in nerve endings. Classification of Epithelia 1. The simple epithelium (each cell rests on BM) mainly associated with lubrication, transport, absorption or secretion function. It can be divided into: (1). Simple squamous epithelium (e.g.endothelium) (2). Simple cuboidal epithelium ( renal tubules) (3). Simple columnar epithelium (intestinal inner-surface) (4). Pseudostratifird (cilliated) columnar epithelium ( trachea inner-surface) 2. The stratified epithelium ( multi-layers contain deep, middle and superficial layers, only the basal cells rest on BM), mainly associated with protection function. Based on the shape of the suface cells, it can be divided into: (1)Stratified squamous epithelium : non-keratinized (esophageal inner-surface), keratinized (skin epidermis) (2) Stratified cuboid epithelium (3) Stratified columnar epithelium (4) transitional epithelium (urothelium): relaxed ? stretched, may be pseudostratified. Contacts between adjoining epithelial cells on the lateral side From free end towards basal there are 4 types of contacts between adjoining cells o