外文翻译--在鞋类工业区生存策略的差异：国际外包的作用.docVIP

（2011届） 本科毕业设计（论文） 外文翻译 外文题目：Differences in Survival Strategies among Footwear Industrial Districts: The Role of International Outsourcing 出 处：European Planning Studies Vol. 16, No. 9 , October 2008 作 者： JOSE′ ANTONIO BELSO-MARTI′NEZ 原文： Abstract During the 1990s, a further development of the industrial district model was observed in some developed countries and industrial sectors. Due to the intense process of globalization, footwear district firms have gradually relocated some manufacturing activities through an international extension of their business networks. In this manner, the traditional pattern of integrated shoemaking is being replaced by a global supply chain stretching across different countries and cultures. Even though Spain has always been positioned at the top of the rank of footwear exporters, little attention has been paid to how Spanish footwear districts are handling the global competition and strategies implemented in order to achieve superior efficiency rates. This paper attempts to describe the international outsourcing activities (one of the most expanded strategies) in four footwear industrial districts. To reach our objective, data about imports of components and outward processing trade in provinces of the districts considered are deeply analysed. Special consideration has been paid to differences between provinces and districts. Finally, based on the issues reviewed and results obtained in previous sections, our paper includes conclusions and implications for policy makers and practitioners. 1.Introduction The key determinants of competitiveness in the footwear industry were traditionally considered to be the production cost and the different impact of trade barriers. Nowadays, both determinants have lost some of their traditional relevance in favour of new factors contributing to the survival