中国大鲵的繁殖生态暨行为学观察.docVIP

中国大鲵的繁殖生态暨行为学观察( 张红星1, 王开锋1, 权清转1, 范维端2, 方树淼1 （1陕西省动物研究所, 西安，710032； 2西安市水产工作站，西安，710054） 摘要：在秦岭天然水域简易繁苗法和仿生态繁育池繁苗的基础上，论述了秦岭地区促成大鲵繁殖的8大生态因子；阐述了秦岭地区繁殖期的总积温与江汉平原（沙市）的较大差异。阐明了大鲵不同产区繁殖期和繁殖盛期的具体时间，指出各地应抓住当地的繁殖时机做好繁苗工作。记述了大鲵产卵前后的交尾，产卵、排精等行为，并将大鲵的繁殖行为记述为四种，即亲吻、顶腹、嬉戏、交尾。此外，还对大鲵南北水温变化的适应，繁殖期的时间确定，雌雄性腺的发育同步等问题进行了讨论。 关键词：大鲵；繁殖生态；性行为 Productive Ecology and Behavior of Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus) ZHANG Hong-Xing1, WANG Kai-Feng1, QUAN Qing-Zhuan1, FAN Wei-Duan2, FANG Shu-Miao1 (1. Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China; 2. Aquatic working station of Xi’an City, Xi’an Shaanxi 710054, China) Abstract: Based on the simple and easy productive method of Chinese Giant Salamander and multiplying by establishing ecological breeding pond in Qinling Mountains, 8 ecological factors are narrated which help to bring about the success in production. Sum of heat of breeding period of Giant Salamander has a big gap between Jiang-Han plain (Shashi City, Hubei Province) and area of Qinling Montains. There are various periods of time of production in different places, and the very opportune moment should be take advantage of in relevant place. Sexual behaviors, like pairing, spawning, ejaculating are recorded, and be divided into kissing, gore-abdomen, sporting, and pairing (fig. 3). In additional, several items have been discussed which are adaptation of Giant Salamander to water temperature from South to North, determination of period of breeding time in different place and developing synchronism of female and male sex gland. Key words: Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus); productive ecology; sexual behavior 中国大鲵Andrias davidianus (Blarchand)是国家二级野生保护动物，并列入CITES公约附录Ⅰ中。它具有分布广、个体大，生长快等生物学优势，其肉质滋补性强、药用价值独特，倍受人们关注。从20世纪70年代以来，发表论文有数百篇，内容含括：大鲵的生态、生理、生化、解剖、组织、胚胎、血液、营养成分以及资源数量、驯养、繁殖、疾病防治等诸多方面。在人工繁育方面，阳爱生（1979）大鲵人工繁殖初告成功，刘鉴毅（1993、1999）进行了新的探讨。广州、珠海、杭州、衡阳等地相继开展了集约化养鲵及人工繁殖实验，使大鲵的人工繁殖步入持续繁苗时期。 1995~2003年，我们在秦岭山区十数个大鲵生态繁苗点进行了大鲵繁殖生态暨行为学观察，连年获苗。但亲