“退出—呼吁”视角下广州公众参与研究：困境与出路.pdfVIP

摘 要 当前，广州公众参与呈现出蓬勃发展的态势，越来越多人主动参与到社会公共问题的 讨论和公共利益的维护之中，呈现出参与意识强烈、参与动机维权和参与行为日趋理性等 行为特征。通过公众自下而上发动，在媒体深入报道和驱动下，政府最终给予回应并调整 政策。立足于公众意识不断觉醒的潮流，本文对广州近年来涌现的公众参与现象进行多案 例研究，在回顾案例的基础上深入探讨当前广州公众参与在实践中所面临的困境。借助阿 尔伯特·赫希曼 “退出、呼吁与忠诚”模型，发现在 “退出权”缺失的情况下，个体公众 参与动机强烈但处境艰难；集体行动存在困境，大部分公众渴望改变现状，却只愿意在公 共生活中“搭便车”；广州极力打造开明而高效的政府，却在现实中不断遭遇因公众参与 导致政策失效的尴尬现状。在深入分析这三方面困境怎样产生及如何相互交织阻碍社会进 步的基础上，本文从社会、公众和政府三个角度提出建议，以期公众参与朝着制度化方向 发展。 关键词：公众参与 退出与呼吁 困境 I Abstract At present, the public participation of Guangzhou showing a booming trend, more and more people actively participate in the maintenance of public discussion and public interests, showing a strong sense of participation, protect rights and participation behavior increasingly rational. Launched by the public from bottom to top, reported and driven by the med ia in-depth, the government eventually responds and adjusts the policy. Based on awakening trend of citizen consciousness, in this paper, we do multi-case studies on the phenomenon of Guangzhou public participation to discuss the current difficulties in-depth. With Albert Hirschman’s “Exit －Voice” model, it is found that in the absence of “ right of withdrawal ”, the individual public has strong participation motivation but itself in a tough situation; The dilemma of collective actions is an objectively existing social phenomenon. The majority of the public is eager to change the status quo, but only would to be a “free rider” in public life; Guangzhou tries it’s best to build an open and efficient government, but in reality continues to experience embarrassment of current policies’ failures caused by public participation. Based on the in-depth analysis of how these treble predicament aspects and how to intertwine to hinder social progress, this paper puts